Nutrition Research and Practice

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Sonchus asper extract inhibits LPS-induced oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in RAW264.7 macrophages

  • Wang, Lan (College of Life Science, Henan Normal University) ;
  • Xu, Ming Lu (Henan Institute of Science and Technology) ;
  • Liu, Jie (College of Life Science, Henan Normal University) ;
  • Wang, You (College of Life Science, Henan Normal University) ;
  • Hu, Jian He (Henan Institute of Science and Technology) ;
  • Wang, Myeong-Hyeon (Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University)
  • Received : 2015.03.06
  • Accepted : 2015.06.17
  • Published : 2015.12.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Sonchus asper is used extensively as an herbal anti-inflammatory for treatment of bronchitis, asthma, wounds, burns, and cough; however, further investigation is needed in order to understand the underlying mechanism. To determine its mechanism of action, we examined the effects of an ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) of S. asper on nitric oxide (NO) production and prostaglandin-E2 levels in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. MATERIALS/METHODS: An in vitro culture of RAW264.7 macrophages was treated with LPS to induce inflammation. RESULTS: Treatment with EAF resulted in significant suppression of oxidative stress in RAW264.7 macrophages as demonstrated by increased endogenous superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and intracellular glutathione levels, decreased generation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation, and restoration of the mitochondrial membrane potential. To confirm its anti-inflammatory effects, analysis of expression of inducible NO synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, and the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 was performed using semi-quantitative RT-PCR. EAF treatment resulted in significantly reduced dose-dependent expression of all of these factors, and enhanced expression of the antioxidants MnSOD and heme oxygenase-1. In addition, HPLC fingerprint results suggest that rutin, caffeic acid, and quercetin may be the active ingredients in EAF. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, findings of this study imply that the anti-inflammatory effect of EAF on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells is mediated by suppression of oxidative stress.

Keywords

References

  1. Leopold JA, Loscalzo J. Oxidative mechanisms and atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease. Drug Discov Today Ther Strateg 2008;5:5-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ddstr.2008.02.001
  2. Turrens JF, Boveris A. Generation of superoxide anion by the NADH dehydrogenase of bovine heart mitochondria. Biochem J 1980;191:421-7. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj1910421
  3. Griendling KK, Sorescu D, Ushio-Fukai M. NAD(P)H oxidase: role in cardiovascular biology and disease. Circ Res 2000;86:494-501. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.RES.86.5.494
  4. Romano M, Claria J. Cyclooxygenase-2 and 5-lipoxygenase converging functions on cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis: implications for cancer therapy. FASEB J 2003;17:1986-95. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.03-0053rev
  5. Kinnula VL, Crapo JD. Superoxide dismutases in the lung and human lung diseases. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003;167:1600-19. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200212-1479SO
  6. Cai H, Harrison DG. Endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases: the role of oxidant stress. Circ Res 2000;87:840-4. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.RES.87.10.840
  7. Lakshmi SV, Padmaja G, Kuppusamy P, Kutala VK. Oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2009;46:421-40.
  8. Benz CC, Yau C. Ageing, oxidative stress and cancer: paradigms in parallax. Nat Rev Cancer 2008;8:875-9. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc2522
  9. Yung LM, Leung FP, Yao X, Chen ZY, Huang Y. Reactive oxygen species in vascular wall. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2006;6:1-19. https://doi.org/10.2174/187152906776092659
  10. Reuter S, Gupta SC, Chaturvedi MM, Aggarwal BB. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and cancer: how are they linked? Free Radic Biol Med 2010;49:1603-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.09.006
  11. Balasundram N, Sundram K, Samman S. Phenolic compounds in plants and agro industrial by-products: antioxidant activity, occurrence, and potential uses. Food Chem 2006;99:191-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.07.042
  12. Jeruto P, Lukhoba C, Ouma G, Otieno D, Mutai C. An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by the Nandi people in Kenya. J Ethnopharmacol 2008;116:370-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2007.11.041
  13. Sabeen M, Ahmad SS. Exploring the folk medicinal flora of Abbotabad City, Pakistan. Ethnobot Leafl 2009;13:810-33.
  14. Khan RA, Khan MR, Sahreen S, Bokhari J. Prevention of CCl4-induced nephrotoxicity with Sonchus asper in rat. Food Chem Toxicol 2010;48:2469-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2010.06.016
  15. Wang L, Xu ML, Hu JH, Rasmussen SK, Wang MH. Codonopsis lanceolata extract induces G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis in human colon tumor HT-29 cells--involvement of ROS generation and polyamine depletion. Food Chem Toxicol 2011;49:149-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2010.10.010
  16. Tiwari M, Dwivedi UN, Kakkar P. Suppression of oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory mediators by Cymbopogon citratus D. Stapf extract in lipopolysaccharide stimulated murine alveolar macrophages. Food Chem Toxicol 2010;48:2913-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2010.07.027
  17. Kakkar P, Das B, Viswanathan PN. A modified spectrophotometric assay of superoxide dismutase. Indian J Biochem Biophys 1984;21:130-2.
  18. Cho JY, Baik KU, Jung JH, Park MH. In vitro anti-inflammatory effects of cynaropicrin, a sesquiterpene lactone, from Saussurea lappa. Eur J Pharmacol 2000;398:399-407. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-2999(00)00337-X
  19. Lee HJ, Hyun EA, Yoon WJ, Kim BH, Rhee MH, Kang HK, Cho JY, Yoo ES. In vitro anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of Cinnamomum camphora extracts. J Ethnopharmacol 2006;103:208-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.08.009
  20. Enayat S, Banerjee S. Comparative antioxidant activity of extracts from leaves, bark and catkins of Salix aegyptiaca sp. Food Chem 2009;116:23-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.01.092
  21. Rahman I, MacNee W. Regulation of redox glutathione levels and gene transcription in lung inflammation: therapeutic approaches. Free Radic Biol Med 2000;28:1405-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(00)00215-X
  22. Kleinert H, Euchenhofer C, Ihrig-Biedert I, Forstermann U. Glucocorticoids inhibit the induction of nitric oxide synthase II by down-regulating cytokine-induced activity of transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B. Mol Pharmacol 1996;49:15-21.
  23. Hennebert O, Pelissier MA, Le Mee S, Wülfert E, Morfin R. Anti-inflammatory effects and changes in prostaglandin patterns induced by 7beta-hydroxy-epiandrosterone in rats with colitis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2008;110:255-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2007.12.014
  24. Afolayan AJ, Jimoh FO. Nutritional quality of some wild leafy vegetables in South Africa. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2009;60:424-31. https://doi.org/10.1080/09637480701777928
  25. Helal AM, Nakamura N, El-Askary H, Hattori M. Sesquiterpene lactone glucosides from Sonchus asper. Phytochemistry 2000;53:473-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00516-6
  26. Kim KM, Kwon YG, Chung HT, Yun YG, Pae HO, Han JA, Ha KS, Kim TW, Kim YM. Methanol extract of Cordyceps pruinosa inhibits in vitro and in vivo inflammatory mediators by suppressing NF-kappaB activation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2003;190:1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0041-008X(03)00152-2

Cited by

  1. Agmatine Reduces Lipopolysaccharide-Mediated Oxidant Response via Activating PI3K/Akt Pathway and Up-Regulating Nrf2 and HO-1 Expression in Macrophages vol.11, pp.9, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0163634
  2. An ethanol extract of Aster yomena (Kitam.) Honda inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in murine RAW 264.7 macrophages vol.11, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.5582/bst.2016.01217
  3. Fucoidan inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 macrophages and zebrafish larvae vol.13, pp.4, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13273-017-0045-2
  4. Advance of antioxidants in asthma treatment vol.7, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.5320/wjr.v7.i1.17
  5. Inhibitory effects on the production of inflammatory mediators and reactive oxygen species by Mori folium in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages and zebrafish vol.89, pp.1 suppl, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201720160836
  6. Antinociceptive and Antibacterial Properties of Anthocyanins and Flavonols from Fruits of Black and Non-Black Mulberries vol.23, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23010004
  7. Maxim Ethanol Extract vol.21, pp.7, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2017.4088
  8. In vitro evaluation of the synergistic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the combined extracts from Malaysian Ganoderma lucidum and Egyptian Chlorella vulgaris vol.18, pp.1, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-018-2218-5
  9. Spermidine Protects against Oxidative Stress in Inflammation Models Using Macrophages and Zebrafish vol.26, pp.2, 2018, https://doi.org/10.4062/biomolther.2016.272
  10. Attenuate Inflammatory and Oxidative Mediators vol.2018, pp.1741-4288, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1953726
  11. The Immunomodulatory Activity of Mori folium, the Leaf of Morus alba L., in RAW 264.7 Macrophages In Vitro vol.21, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.15430/jcp.2016.21.3.144
  12. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of MOK, a polyherbal extract, on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages vol.43, pp.1, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2018.3937
  13. Relaxing Effect of Evening Primrose Root on Skin Irritation Caused by Particulate Matter in Subway Tunnel vol.46, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.15230/scsk.2020.46.2.119
  14. Airway Redox Homeostasis and Inflammation Gone Awry: From Molecular Pathogenesis to Emerging Therapeutics in Respiratory Pathology vol.21, pp.23, 2015, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239317
  15. Multiple Biological Activities of Rhododendron przewalskii Maxim. Extracts and UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF/MS Characterization of Their Phytochemical Composition vol.12, pp.None, 2015, https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.599778
  16. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of White Mulberry (Morus alba L.) Fruits on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages vol.26, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26040920
  17. Assessment of Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Citrus unshiu Peel (CUP) Flavonoids on LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells vol.10, pp.10, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10102209