Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea (대한인간공학회지)

Ergonomics Society of Korea (대한인간공학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Usability Evaluation of Touch Keyboard in Smart Watch Environment

  • Received : 2016.09.04
  • Accepted : 2016.11.01
  • Published : 2016.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to identify the most effective keyboard layout in the area of performance for securing usability in a smart watch-using environment and to verify the usability of touch keyboard calibrated by hand. Background: It is necessary to understand the environmental characteristics in using the smart watch and to secure the usability of touch keyboard based on this understanding in order to take account of the users who use the touch screen in the extreme input conditions caused by the small screen of a smart watch. Method: 30 participants in this study were required to input characters using the QWERTY keyboard and 3x4 keypad (Naratgul, Chunjiin), which were familiar with them, in order to grasp the keyboard layout suitable in the smart watch- using environment; the performance (error rate, performance time) of this case was measured. In addition, 30 participants in this study were required to input the characters setting the QWERTY keyboard with calibrated touch area and the one with uncalibrated touch area, based on the characteristics of touch behavior, by finger typing the keyboard, with the performance (error rate and performance time) of this case measured. Results: QWERTY keyboard (93.3sec) is found to be 31.2% faster than Naratgul keyboard, a kind of 3x4 keypad, and 43.6% faster than Chunjiin keyboard, in the area of efficiency, in the results of the usability evaluation regarding the keyboard layout. QWERTY keyboard with calibrated touch area (7.5%) is found to be 23.5% improved compared to the QWERTY keyboard with uncalibrated touch area (9.8%) in the area of accuracy (error rate). The results of the usability evaluation regarding the QWERTY keyboard with touch area calibrated by finger typing the keyboard and QWERTY keyboard with calibrated touch area (80.7sec) is found to be 5.7% improved compared to QWERTY keyboard with uncalibrated touch area (85.6sec) in the area of efficiency (performance time). Conclusion: QWERTY keyboard is found to have an effective layout in the area of efficiency in the smart watch-using environment, and its improved usability is verified in the areas of accuracy and efficiency in the QWERTY keyboard with a touch area calibrated by finger typing the keyboard. Application: The results of this study may be used to set up the basic touch keyboard of the smart watch. The input usability is expected to secure the smart watch-using environment, which is an extreme input condition by applying QWERTY keyboard with touch area calibrated by finger typing the keyboard.

Keywords

References

  1. Balakrishnan, V. and Paul, H.P., A study of the effect of thumb sizes on mobile phone texting satisfaction. Journal of Usability Studies, 3(3), 118-128, 2008.
  2. Colle, H.A. and Hiszem, K.J., Standing at a kiosk: Effects of key size and spacing on touch screen numeric keypad performance and user preference. Ergonomics, 47(13), 1406-1423, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140130410001724228
  3. Dunlop, M.D., Komninos, A. and Durga, N., Towards high quality text entry on smartwatches. CHI'14 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2365-2370, 2014.
  4. Dvorak, A., There is a better typewriter keyboard. National Business Education Quarterly, 11(51-58), 1943.
  5. Findlater, L. and Wobbrock, J., Personalized input: improving ten-finger touchscreen typing through automatic adaptation. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 815-824, 2012.
  6. Gong, J. and Tarasewich, P., Alphabetically constrained keypad designs for text entry on mobile devices, Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference in Human Factors in Computing Systems, 211-220, 2005.
  7. Ha, R.W., Ho, P.H. and Shen, X., SIMKEYS: an efficient keypad configuration for mobile communications. IEEE Communications Magazine, 42(11), 136-142, 2004.
  8. Kim, K. and Yoo, Y.K., A New Computer Keyboard Design for Korean Alphabets with Frequency and Standard Considerations. Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea, 27(3), 7-14, 2008. https://doi.org/10.5143/JESK.2008.27.3.007
  9. Kim, K., Functional Stroke Methods of Korean Keyboards Using Special Feature of Korean Vowels. Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea, 28(4), 167-169, 2009. https://doi.org/10.5143/JESK.2009.28.4.167
  10. Kim, K., A Three-Set Type Korean Keyboard Model, 38K, with High Compatibility to the KS Computer Keyboard. Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea, 33(5), 355-363, 2014. https://doi.org/10.5143/JESK.2014.33.5.355
  11. Martin, G.L., Configuring a numeric keypad for a touch screen. Ergonomics, 31(6), 945-953, 1988. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140138808966733
  12. Schmidt, R.A., A Schema theory of discrete motor skill learning. Psychological Review, 82(4), 225-260, 1975. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0076770
  13. Scott, B. and Conzola, V., Designing touch screen numeric keypads: Effects of finger size, key size, and key spacing. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 41(1), 360-364, 1997.
  14. Pereira, A., Lee, D.L., Sadeeshkumar, H., Laroche, C., Odell, D. and Rempel, D., The Effect of Keyboard Key Spacing on Typing Speed, Error, Usability, and Biomechanics Part 1. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 2012.