Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration (지구물리와물리탐사)

Korean Society of Earth and Exploration Geophysicists (한국지구물리·물리탐사학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Changes of Ionospheric Total Electron Content Caused by Large-scale Earthquakes and Recent Earthquakes Occurred Around the Korean Peninsula

국외 대규모 지진과 최근 발생한 국내지진에 의한 이온층 총 전자수 변화

  • Kim, Byeong-Hoon (Department of Earth Science Education, Seoul National University) ;
  • Seo, Ki-Weon (Department of Earth Science Education, Seoul National University)
  • 김병훈 (서울대학교 지구과학교육과) ;
  • 서기원 (서울대학교 지구과학교육과)
  • Received : 2016.10.25
  • Accepted : 2016.11.29
  • Published : 2016.11.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

We investigated pre- and post- seismic total electron content (TEC) anomalies in ionosphere caused by recent large-scale earthquakes around the globe and additionally examined whether the similar phenomena are detected in connection with the earthquakes around the Korean Penisula. TEC anomalies associated with the large-scale earthquakes showed the similar results to previous studies. In addition, we newly found the similar TEC changes from the recent 2016 Ecuador earthquake (M7.8). However, the post-seismic TEC changes would be falsely interpreted as the pre-seismic TEC changes dependent on the post-processing of TEC observation. We also investigated the possibility of TEC responses from the recent domestic earthquakes including 2016 Gyeongju earthquake but could not find any anomalous TEC changes. This is probably because the domestic earthquakes release significantly smaller acoustic wave energy than that of large-scale earthquakes occurring in plate boundaries.

대규모 지진 전/후에 이온층에서 발생하는 총 전자수(TEC)의 이상 변화를 재 확인하고, 국내에서 발생하는 지진에서도 이와 유사한 현상이 발견되는지를 조사하였다. 먼저 최근 지진관련 이온층 변화가 보고되었던 국외 대규모 지진들과, 근래에 발생한 규모 7.8 에콰도르 강진에 대해 TEC를 계산하고, 지진 발생 전 후의 특성을 확인하였다. TEC 계산 결과, 선행 연구들과 유사한 TEC 변화 시계열을 얻을 수 있었으나, 시계열들이 후처리되는 방법에 따라 전조현상 또는 후지진 현상으로 해석될 수 있다는 사실을 확인하였다. 최근 국내에서 발생한 지진들에 대하여 지진에 의한 TEC 변화 가능성을 조사하였으나, 2016년 경주지진을 포함한 가장 높은 규모의 국내지진들과 관련하여 지진 전/후에 TEC의 이상 변화를 찾아볼 수 없었다. 이는 판의 경계에서 발생하는 국외의 대규모 지진들에 비해, 국내 지진이 대기 중으로 방출하는 탄성파(음파) 에너지가 작기 때문이라고 여겨진다.

Keywords

References

  1. Arikan, F., Nayir, H., Sezen, U., and Arikan, O., 2008, Estimation of single station interfrequency receiver bias using GPS-TEC, Radio Science, 43, RS4004.
  2. Astafyeva, E., Lognonne, P., and Rolland, L., 2011, First ionospheric images of the seismic fault slip on the example of the Tohoku-oki earthquake, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L22104.
  3. Cahyadi, M. and Heki, K., 2015, Coseismic ionospheric disturbance of the large strike-slip earthquakes in North Sumatra in 2012: Mw dependence of the disturbance amplitudes, Geophys. J. Int., 207, 116-129.
  4. Calais, E. and Minster, J. B., 1995, GPS detection of ionospheric perturbations following the January 17, 1994, Northridge Earthquake, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 1045-1048. https://doi.org/10.1029/95GL00168
  5. Choi, B. K., Park, J. U., and Lee, S. J., 2012, Ionospheric anomalies observed over South Korea preceding the Great Tohoku earthquake of 2011, Adv. Space Res., 50, 311-317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2012.04.011
  6. Coster, A., Williams, J., Weatherwax, A., Rideout, W., and Herne, D., 2013, Accuracy of GPS total electron content: GPS receiver bias temperature dependence, Radio Science, 48, 190-196. https://doi.org/10.1002/rds.20011
  7. Ekstrom, G., Nettles, M., and Dziewonski, A. M., 2012, The global CMT project 2004-2010: Centroid-moment tensors for 13,017 earthquakes, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 200, 1-9.
  8. Garner, T., Gaussiran, T., Tolman, B., Harris, R., Calfas, R., and Gallagher, H., 2008, Total electron content measurments in ionospheric physics, Adv. Space Res., 46, 94.
  9. Gurtner, W. and Mader, G., 1990, Receiver independent exchange format version 2, Bulletin of theInternational Coordination of Space Techniquesfor Geodesy and Geodynamics, CSTG GPSSubcommission and U.S. Department of Commerce, 3, 1-8.
  10. Heki, K., 2011, Ionospheric electron enhancement preceding the 211 Tohoku-Oki earthquake, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L17312.
  11. Heki, K. and Enomoto, Y., 2015, Mw dependence of the preseismic ionospheric electron enhancements, J. Geophys. Res., 120, 7006-7020. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JA021353
  12. Heki, K. and Ping, J. S., 2005, Directivity and apparent velocity of the coseismic ionospheric disturbances observed with a dense GPS array, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 236, 845-855. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2005.06.010
  13. Kakinami, Y., Kamogawa, M., Tanioka, Y., Watanabe, S., Gusman, A. R., Liu, J.-Y., Watanabe, Y., and Mogi, T., 2012, Tsunamigenic ionospheric hole, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, n/an/a.
  14. Kamogawa, M. and Kakinami, Y., 2013, Is an ionospheric electron enhancement preceding the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake a precursor?, J. Geophys. Res., 118, 1751-1754. https://doi.org/10.1002/jgra.50118
  15. Leick, A., 2004, GPS Satellite Surveying, 3rd Ed., John Wiley and Sons Inc., New Jersy.
  16. Masci, F., Thomas, J. N., Villani, F., Secan, J. A., and Rivera, N., 2015, On the onset of ionospheric precursors 40 min before strong earthquakes, Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 120, 1383-1393. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JA020822
  17. National Geophysical Data Center/World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): Global Historical Tsunami Database. National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA. doi:10.7289/V5PN93H
  18. Nayir, H., Arikan, F., Arikan, O., and Erol, C. B., 2007, Total electron content estimation with Reg-Est, Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 112, A11313.
  19. Perevalova, N. P., Sankov, V. A., Astafyeva, E. I., and Zhupityaeva, A. S., 2014, Threshold magnitude for Ionospheric TEC response to earthquakes, Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 108, 77-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2013.12.014
  20. Rhie, J. and Kim, S., 2010, Regional moment tensor determination in the southern Korean Peninsula, Geosciences Journal, 14, 329-333. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12303-010-0038-9
  21. Rolland, L. M., Lognonne, P., and Munekane, H., 2011, Detection and modeling of Rayleigh wave induced patterns in the ionosphere, Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 116, A05320.
  22. Schaer, S. and Gurtner, W. F. J., 1998, IONEX: The IONosphere Map EXchange Format Version 1. ftp:// igscb.jpl.nasa.gov/igscb/data/format/ionex1.ps.
  23. Shinagawa, H., Tsugawa, T., Matsumura, M., Iyemori, T., Saito, A., Maruyama, T., Jin, H., Nishioka, M., and Otsuka, Y., 2013, Two-dimensional simulation of ionospheric variations in the vicinity of the epicenter of the Tohoku-oki earthquake on 11 March 2011, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 5009-5013. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL057627
  24. Tsugawa, T., Saito, A., Otsuka, Y., Nishioka, M., Maruyama, T., Kato, H., Nagatsuma, T., and Murata, K. T., 2011, Ionospheric disturbances detected by GPS total electron content observation after the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake, Earth Planets and Space, 63, 875-879. https://doi.org/10.5047/eps.2011.06.035
  25. Zhang, D. H., Zhang, W., Li, Q., Shi, L. Q., Hao, Y. Q., and Xiao, Z., 2010, Accuracy analysis of the GPS instrumental bias estimated from observations in middle and low latitudes, Annales Geophysicae, 28, 1571-1580. https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-28-1571-2010