Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology (한국환경생태학회지)

Korean Society of Environment and Ecology (한국환경생태학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Taxonomic Revision of Variation in Skull Morphology of Siberian Roe Deer (Capreolus pygargus, Pallas, 1771) in South Korea

머리뼈 형태학적 특성을 이용한 한국산 노루의 분류학적 고찰

  • Park, Yong-Su (Dept. of Ecological Assessment, National Institute of Ecology) ;
  • Cha, Jin-Yeol (Dept. of Ecological Assessment, National Institute of Ecology) ;
  • Kim, Nam-Shin (Dept. of Ecological Foundation, National Institute of Ecology)
  • 박용수 (국립생태원 생태평가연구실) ;
  • 차진열 (국립생태원 생태평가연구실) ;
  • 김남신 (국립생태원 생태기반연구실)
  • Received : 2016.01.26
  • Accepted : 2016.02.12
  • Published : 2016.02.29
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Recently, it has been reported that morphologically and genetically different two Siberian roe deer (Capreolus pygargus, Pallas, 1771), in Mainland and in Jeju island. Until now, this roe deer has not been clearly taxonomy of Siberian roe deer in Korean peninsula. So, the aim of this study was to compare the skull morphometrics of mainland and Jeju roe deer to obtain more information on the species status of C. pygargus and study the distribution of roe deer subspecies in this region. A total of 50 skulls of adult roe deer was compared and analyzed. The maximum skull length, condylo-basal length, basilar length, maximum skull width, cheek-bone width, interorbital width, rostrum length, length of upper tooth row from the Siberian roe deer in Jeju island were significantly smaller than those of the deer in mainland. Length of the skull was the principal factor of interpopulational variability in roe deer. Variation was not distributed along latitude, longitude, or elevation, but those factors did influence the variation through effects on primary production, which in turn caused isolated differences in skull morphology apparently related to types of forage selected by roe deer in various geographic areas. According to the analysis results of the skull characters, Mainland roe deer was more similar to C. p. tianschanicus which is a subspecies of Siberian roe deer. In addition, Jeju roe deer showed distinct differences compared to European roe deer, 3 subspecies of Siberian roe deer, so it appeared that they could be a unique native species inhabited only in Jeju Island. Because Siberian roe deer in Jeju Island can be classified at subspecies level in this study.

한반도에 서식하는 노루의 계통분류학적 위치는 아직까지 명확하게 정리되어 있지 않으며, 최근까지 내륙과 제주도 지역에 서식하는 노루 간 외부형태와 유전학적 차이가 있다고 여러 차례 보고되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 외부형태와 유전적으로 차이가 나타나 두 아종으로 여겨지는 내륙과 제주도 노루의 머리뼈 특성에 있어서도 차이가 있을 것으로 생각하고, 그 차이를 비교 분석하여 한국노루의 분류학적 위치를 좀 더 명확하게 규명하고자 실시하였다. 총 50개체의 성체 노루 머리뼈를 비교 분석한 결과 머리뼈최대길이, 뒤통수뼈관절융기-치조점사이길이, 머리뼈바닥길이, 머리뼈최대폭, 광대뼈사이폭, 눈확사이폭, 얼굴길이, 위어금니열길이 등에서 유의한 차이가 나타나 제주노루가 내륙노루 보다 머리뼈의 크기 및 형태가 작은 것으로 나타났다. 두개골의 형태는 노루 아종 간 차이를 결정하는 중요한 요소이며, 위도, 경도, 고도에 직접적인 영향을 받지는 않지만 이 요소들이 1차 생산자에 영향을 미쳐 먹이식물에 변화를 가져오고 노루의 먹이 선택과 연관되어 순차적으로 두개골 형태에도 영향을 미친다. 따라서 한반도에 서식하는 노루 두개골의 계량형태학적 특성을 비교 분석한 결과 내륙 노루는 아종인 C. p. tianschanicus와 비슷한 반면, 제주 노루는 시베리아노루 3아종 및 유럽노루와 확연한 차이를 나타냈다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 제주도 지역에 서식하는 노루의 경우 제주도에만 서식하는 고유종으로 아종 수준의 분류가 가능할 것으로 생각한다.

Keywords

References

  1. Aragon, S., F. Braza, C. SanJose and P. Fandos(1998) Variation in skull morphology of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in Western and Central Europe. J. Mammal. 79: 131-140. https://doi.org/10.2307/1382847
  2. Bubenik, G.A. and A.B. Bubenik(1990) Horns, Proghorns and Antlers: Evolution Morphology, Physiology and Social Significance. Springer, New York.
  3. Carole, T., G.J. Michel, V.L. Guy, H. Mark and M. Nicolas(2006) How does environmental variation influence body mass, body size, and body condition? Roe deer as a case study. Ecography 29: 301-308. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2006.0906-7590.04394.x
  4. Danilkin, A.A.(1990) Deers: mammals of Russia and adjacent regions. GEOS Press, Moscow.
  5. Danilkin, A.A. and J.M. Hewison(1996) Behavioral ecology of Siberian and European roe deer. Chapman and Hall, London.
  6. Festa-Bianchet, M., J.M. Gaillard and J.T. Jorgenson(1998) Mass- and density-dependent reproductive success and reproductive costs in a capital breeder. Am Nat 152: 367-379.
  7. Geist, V.(1998) Deer of the world: their evolution, behaviour and ecology. Stackpole Books, Mechaniesburg.
  8. Hewison, A.J.M.(1996) Variation in fecundity of roe deer: effect of age and body weight. Acta Theriol 25: 395-402.
  9. Hmwe, S.S(2005) Population genetics and phylogeography of European red deer (Cervus elaphus) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). Ph.D. dissertation. Uni. of Christian-Albrechts zu Kiel.
  10. Klein, D.R. and H. Strandgaard(2008) Factors affecting growth and body size of roe deer. J Wildl. Manage. 36: 64-79.
  11. Koh, H.S., S.K. Yoo and B.K. Lee(1997) Analysis of external and cranial morphology of roe deer (Capreolus pygargus bedfordi) from Korea. Bull. of Nat. Sci. 11: 99-103.
  12. Koh, H.S. and E. Randi(2001) Genetic distinction of roe deer (Capreolus pygargus) sampled in Korea. Mamm. Biol. 66: 371-375.
  13. Lomolino, M.V. and D.R. Perault(2007) Body Size Variation of Mammals in a Fragmented, Temperate Rain forest. Conserv. Biol. 21: 1059-1069. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2007.00727.x
  14. Mayr, E. and P.D. Ashlock(1991) Principles of systematic zoology. McGraw-Hill Inc, New York.
  15. Mysterud, A., B.H. Bjornsen and E. Ostbye(1997) Effects of snow depth on food and habitat selection by roe deer Capreolus capreolus along an altitudinal gradient in south central Norway. Wildl. Biol. 3: 27-33. https://doi.org/10.2981/wlb.1997.004
  16. Mysterud, A. and E. Ostbye(1995) Bed-site selection by European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in southern Norway during winter. Can. J Zool. 73: 924-932. https://doi.org/10.1139/z95-108
  17. Nickel, R., A. Schummer and E. Seiferle(1986) The anatomy of the domestic animals. Verlag Paul Parey, Philadelphia.
  18. Oh, J.K.(2004) Characteristics of ecological behaviour of roe deer (Capreolus pygargus tianschanicus) in Jeju island, Korea. Ph. D. Korea National Univ. of Education, Korea. (in Korean with English abstract)
  19. Park, Y.S., W.S. Lee, J.T. Kim and H.S. Oh(2011) Morphological examination of the Siberian roe deer Capreolus pygargus in South Korea. J Ani. and Vet. Adv. 10: 2874-2878.
  20. Park, Y.S., B.J. Kim, W.S. Lee, J.T. Kim, T.W. Kim and H.S. Oh(2014) Molecular phylogenetic status of Siberian roe deer (Capreolus pygargus) based on mitochondrial cytochrome b from Jeju Island in Korea. Chin. sci. bull. 59: 4283-4288. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-014-0535-8
  21. Putman, R.J.(1996) Competition and resource partitioning in temperate ungulate assemblies. Springer, New York.
  22. Randi, E., M. Pierpaol and A. Danikin(1998) Mitochondrial DNA polymor phism in populations of Siberian and European roe deer (Capreolus pygargus and Capreolus capreolus). Heredity. 80: 429-437. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2540.1998.00318.x
  23. Schwarz, S.S.(1980) Ecological laws of evolution. Nauka Publishers, Moscow.
  24. Sheremetyeva, I.N. and I.S. Sheremetyev(2008) Skull variation in the Siberian roe deer Capreolus pygargus from the Far East: a revision of the distribution of the subspecies. Eur. J Wildl. Res. 54: 557-569. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-008-0180-0
  25. Sokolov, V.E. and V.S. Gromov(1990) The contemporary ideas on roe deer systematization: morphological, ethological and hybridological analysis. Mammalia. 54: 431-444.
  26. Wilson, R. and I. Reeder(1993) Mammal of species of the world. Smithsonian Institution Press, New York.
  27. Xiao, C.T., M.H. Zhang, Y. Fu and H.S. Koh(2007) Mitochondrial DNA distinction of northeastern China roe deer, Siberian roe deer, European roe deer, to clarify the taxonomic status of northeastern China roe deer. Bio. Genet. 45: 93-102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10528-006-9052-z
  28. Yoon, S.I.(2003) A study on ecological characteristics of roe deer (Capreolus pygargus tianschanicus) in Jeju island, Korea. Ph. D. Univ. of Korea, Korea. (in Korean with English abstract)