DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Controlling by Effective Pruning of Twigs Showing Black Shoot Blight Disease Symptoms in Apple Trees

사과나무에서 가지검은마름병 억제를 위한 효율적 가지치기

  • Han, Kyu Suk (Applied Biology Program, Division of Bioresource Sciences, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Yu, Ji-Gang (Department of Horticultural Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Lee, Han-Beoyl (Department of Horticultural Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Oh, Chang-Sik (Department of Horticultural Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Yea, Mi Chi (Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency) ;
  • Lee, Jong-Ho (Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency) ;
  • Park, Duck Hwan (Applied Biology Program, Division of Bioresource Sciences, Kangwon National University)
  • 한규석 (강원대학교 생물자원과학부 응용생물학전공) ;
  • 유지강 (경희대학교 원예생명공학과) ;
  • 이한별 (경희대학교 원예생명공학과) ;
  • 오창식 (경희대학교 원예생명공학과) ;
  • 예미지 (농림축산검역본부) ;
  • 이종호 (농림축산검역본부) ;
  • 박덕환 (강원대학교 생물자원과학부 응용생물학전공)
  • Published : 2016.12.31

Abstract

Black shoot blight disease caused by Erwinia pyrifoliae have damaged economic loss to apple and pear growers until now since it was firstly reported in 1995 in Korea. This study was performed to reduce economic loss by mandatory eradication of all infected trees in case of more 10% disease incidence per orchard as official control. It also aims to set up effective management protocol for this disease by examining how far bacterial pathogen is present from the border of symptomatic and asymptomatic regions in infected apple twigs. Colony-PCR using isolated bacterial cells instead of genomic DNA was used to identify bacterial pathogen, EpSPF/EpSPR primer designed in enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) region was selected as specific for E. pyrifoliae. As results of monitoring of this disease during April to October in 2014-2015 by colony-PCR, occurrence of this disease was frequent from mid-May to early-July, when daily average temperature was around $25^{\circ}C$. Moreover, bacterial cells were continuously detected only in symptomatic regions and also asymptomatic regions of less than 20 cm from symptomatic regions. Therefore, we concluded that pruning of infected twigs at the region of more than 20 cm from symptomatic regions might be effective to manage black shoot blight disease in apple trees.

E. pyrifoliae에 의한 과수 가지검은마름병은 국내에서 1995년 최초 발생이래 2016년까지 꾸준히 발생하여 과수농가에 피해를 주고 있는 세균병해이다. 가지검은마름병 발생 농가의 폐원조치 및 공적방제로 인한 경제적 피해 감소를 위하여, 병징이 관찰되는 이병조직 및 건전조직 내의 병원 세균을 검출하여 효율적 관리방안을 마련하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 가지검은마름병원세균의 검출은 genomic DNA 추출과정을 생략한 순수 균총만을 이용하는 colony-PCR을 이용하였으며, 이를 위해 ERIC 지역에서 제작된 가지검은마름병원세균 특이 프라이머 EpSPF/EpSPR 프라이머쌍을 선발하였다. 특이 프라이머를 활용한 colony-PCR 방법으로 2014-2015년 4-10월까지 사과나무 생육기간 동안 가지검은마름병 발생상황을 모니터링한 결과, $25^{\circ}C$ 일 평균 온도 기간인 5월 중순부터 7월 초순까지 발병이 가장 빈번하였다. 발병가지 내 병원세균의 존재유무 검정 결과 병징 부위와 이로부터 20 cm 내 건전조직에서만 병원세균이 지속적으로 검출되었다. 따라서 이미 발생한 가지검은마름병을 효율적으로 관리하기 위해 이병조직과 건전조직 경계 부위로부터 20 cm 이상에서 가지치기를 하는 것이 매우 적절할 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Bayot, R. G. and Ries, S. M. 1986. Role of motility in apple blossom infection by Erwinia amylovora and studies of fire blight control with attractant and repellent compounds. Phytopathology 76: 441-445. https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-76-441
  2. Bereswill, S., Bugert, P., Bruchmuller, I. and Geider, K. 1995. Identification of the fire blight pathogen, Erwinia amylovora, by PCR assays with chromosomal DNA. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61: 2636-2642.
  3. Hildebrand, M., Dickler, E. and Geider, K. 2000. Occurrence of Erwinia amylovora on insects in a fire blight orchard. J. Phytopathol. 148: 251-256. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0434.2000.00504.x
  4. Johnson, K. B. 2000. Fire blight of apple and pear. Plant Health Instr. Online publication. doi: 10.1094/PHI-I-2000-0726-01.
  5. Kim, W. S., Gardan, L., Rhim, S. L. and Geider, K. 1999. Erwinia pyrifoliae sp. nov., a novel pathogen that affects Asian pear trees (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai). Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 49(Pt 2): 899-905. https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-49-2-899
  6. Kim, W. S., Hildebrand, M., Jock, S. and Geider, K. 2001a. Molecular comparison of pathogenic bacteria from pear trees in Japan and the fire blight pathogen Erwinia amylovora. Microbiology 147(Pt 11): 2951-2959. https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-147-11-2951
  7. Kim, W. S., Jock, S., Paulin, J. P., Rhim, S. L. and Geider, K. 2001b. Molecular detection and differentiation of Erwinia pyrifoliae and host range analysis of the Asian pear pathogen. Plant Dis. 85: 1183-1188. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.2001.85.11.1183
  8. Park, D. H., Thapa, S. P., Kim, W. S., Hur, J. H. and Lim, C. K. 2010. Species-specific detection of Erwinia pyrifoliae by PCR assay using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) primers. Plant Pathol. J. 26: 267-270. https://doi.org/10.5423/PPJ.2010.26.3.267
  9. Rhim, S. L., Volksch, B., Gardan, L., Paulin, J. P., Langlotz, C., Kim, W. S. and Geider, K. 1999. Erwinia pyrifoliae, an Erwinia species different from Erwinia amylovora, causes a necrotic disease of Asian pear trees. Plant Pathol. 48: 514-520. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.1999.00376.x
  10. Shrestha, R., Koo, J. H., Park, D. H., Hwang, I., Hur, J. H. and Lim, C. K. 2003. Erwinia pyrifoliae, a causal endemic pathogen of shoot blight of Asian pear tree in Korea. Plant Pathol. J. 19: 294-300. https://doi.org/10.5423/PPJ.2003.19.6.294
  11. Shrestha, R., Lee, S. H., Hur, J. H. and Lim, C. K. 2005a. The effects of temperature, pH, and bactericides on the growth of Erwinia pyrifoliae and Erwinia amylovora. Plant Pathol. J. 21: 127-131. https://doi.org/10.5423/PPJ.2005.21.2.127
  12. Shrestha, R., Lee, S. H., Kim, J. E., Wilson, C., Choi, S. G., Park, D. H., Wang, M. H., Hur, J. H. and Lim, C. K. 2007. Diversity and detection of Korean Erwinia pyrifoliae strains as determined by plasmid profiling, phylogenetic analysis and PCR. Plant Pathol. 56: 1023-1031. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2007.01679.x
  13. Shrestha, R., Tsuchiya, K., Baek, S. J., Bae, H. N., Hwang, I. G., Hur, J. H. and Lim, C. K. 2005b. Identification of dspEF, hrpW, and hrpN loci and characterization of the $hrpN_{Ep}$ gene in Erwinia pyrifoliae. J. Gen. Plant Pathol. 71: 211-220. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10327-005-0191-6
  14. Sundin, G. W. 2014. Fire blight. In: Compendium of Apple and Pear Diseases and Pests. 2nd ed., eds. by T. B. Sutton, H. S. Aldwinckle, A. M. Agnello and J. F. Walgenbach, pp. 87-89. APS Press, St. Paul, MN, USA.
  15. Wilcox, W. F. (1994 onwards). Tree Fruit Crops. Disease Identification Sheet No. D3 (Revised). URL http://hdl.handle.net/1813/43095 [31 August 2016].