Earthquakes and Structures

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Investigation of seismic safety of a masonry minaret using its dynamic characteristics

  • Basaran, Hakan (Department of Civil Engineering, Celal Bayar University) ;
  • Demir, Ali (Department of Civil Engineering, Celal Bayar University) ;
  • Ercan, Emre (Department of Civil Engineering, Ege University) ;
  • Nohutcu, Halil (Department of Civil Engineering, Celal Bayar University) ;
  • Hokelekli, Emin (Bolvadin Vocational School, Afyon Kocatepe University) ;
  • Kozanoglu, Celalettin (Department of Civil Engineering, Celal Bayar University)
  • Received : 2015.05.29
  • Accepted : 2015.11.18
  • Published : 2016.03.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Besides their spiritual significance, minarets are humanity's cultural heritage to the future generations due to their historical and architectural attraction. Currently, many historical masonry minarets are damaged and destroyed due to several reasons such as earthquakes and wind. Therefore, safety of these religiously significant buildings needs to be thoroughly investigated. The utmost care must be taken into account while investigating these structures. Our study investigated earthquake behavior of historical masonry minaret of Haci Mahmut Mosque. Destructive and non-destructive tests were carried out to determine earthquake safety of this structure. Brick-stone masonry material properties of structure were determined by accomplishing ultrasonic wave velocity, Schmidt Hammer, uniaxial compression (UAC) and indirect tension (Brazilian) tests. Determined material properties were used in the finite element analysis of the structure. To validate the numerical analysis, Operational Modal Analysis was applied to the structure and dynamic characteristics of the structure were determined. To this end, accelerometers were placed on the structure and vibrations due to environmental effects were followed. Finite element model of the minaret was updated using dynamic characteristics of the structure and the realistic numerical model of the structure was obtained. This numerical model was solved by using earthquake records of Turkey with time history analysis (THA) and the realistic earthquake behavior of the structure was introduced.

Keywords

References

  1. Bloom, J. (1989), Minaret: Symbol of Islam, Oxford University Press, United Kingdom.
  2. Kocak, A. (1999), "Linear and nonlinear analysis of historical masonry structures under static and dynamic loads case study Kucuk Ayasofya mosque", Ph.D. Dissertation, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul.
  3. Lourenco, P.B. (2002), "Computations on historic masonry structures", Prog. Struct. Eng. Mater., 4(3), 301-319. https://doi.org/10.1002/pse.120
  4. Ayala, D. and Speranze, E. (2003), "Definition of collaspe mechanisms and sismic vulnerability of historic masonry building", Earthq. Spectra, 19(3), 479-509. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1599896
  5. Apostolopoulos, C. and Sotiropoulos, P. (2008), "Venetian churches of Lefkada, Greece construction documentation and seismic behaviour Virgin Mary of the Strangers", Constr. Build. Mater., 22(4), 434-443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2006.10.016
  6. Betti, M. and Vignoli, A. (2008), "Modelling and analysis of a Romanesque church under earthquake loading: Assessment of seismic resistance", Eng. Struct., 30(2), 352-367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2007.03.027
  7. Julio, E.N.B.S., Silva, C.A.S. and Dias-da-Costa, R.D.A.S.G. (2008), "Structural assessment of the tower of the university of coimbra by modal identification", Eng. Struct., 30(12), 3468-3477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2008.06.001
  8. Bayraktar, A., Sahin, A., Ozcan, D.M. and Yildirim, F. (2010a), "Numerical damage assessment of Haghia Sophia bell tower by nonlinear FE modeling", Appl. Math. Model., 34(1), 92-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2009.03.033
  9. Gonen, H., Dogan, M., Karacasu, M., Ozbasaran, H.H. and Gokdemir, H. (2013), "Structural failures in refrofit historical Murat masonry arch bridge original research article", Eng. Fail. Anal., 35, 334-342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2013.02.024
  10. Foraboschi, P. (2013), "Church of San Giuliano di Puglia: Seismic repair and upgrading", Eng. Fail. Anal., 33, 281-314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2013.05.023
  11. Livaoglu, R., Basturk, M.H. and Dogangun, A. (2013), "Dynamic evaluation of minaret of Emir Sultan Mosque", International Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Skopje.
  12. Bayraktar, A., Turker, T., Altunisik, A.C., Sevim, B., Sahin, A. and Ozcan, D.M. (2010b), "Determination of dynamic parameters of buildings by operational modal analysis", Teknik Dergi, 21(4), 5185-5205.
  13. Aras, F., Krstevska, L., Altay, G. and Tashkov, L. (2011), " Experimental and numerical modal analyses of a historical masonry palace", Constr. Build. Mater., Constr. Build. Mater., 25(1), 81-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.06.054
  14. Bayraktar, A., Sevim, B., Altunisik, A.C. and Turker, T. (2009), "Analytical and operational modal analyses of turkish style reinforced concrete minarets for structural identification", Exper. Techniq., 33(2), 65-75.
  15. Avitable, P. (2006), "Someone told me that operating modal analysis produces better results and that damping is much more realistic", Exper. Techniq., 30(6), 25-26. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1567.2006.00102.x
  16. Foti, D., Diaferio, M., Giannoccaro, N.I. and Mongelli, M. (2012), "Ambient vibration testing, dynamic identification and model updating of a historic tower", NDT & E Int., 47, 88-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ndteint.2011.11.009
  17. Osmancili, G., Ucak, S., Turan, F.N., Turker, T. and Bayraktar, A. (2012), "Investigation of restoration effects on the dynamic characteristics of the hagia sophia bell-tower by ambient vibration test", Constr. Build. Mater., 29, 564-572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.11.035
  18. Bartoli, G., Betti, M. and Giordano, S. (2013), "In situ static and dynamic investigations on the 'Torre Grossa' masonry tower", Eng. Struct., 52, 718-733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.01.030
  19. Gentile, C. and Saisi, A. (2013), "Operational modal testing of historic structures at different levels of excitation", Constr. Build. Mater., 48, 1273-1285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.01.013
  20. Ercan, E. and Nuhoglu, A. (2014), "Identification of historical Veziragasi aqueduct using the operational modal analysis", Sci. World J., doi:10.1155/2014/518608.
  21. TS-699 (1987), Natural building stones, Methods of inspection and laboratory testing, Turkish Standard, Turkey.
  22. Ulusay, R., Gokceoglu, C. and Binal, A. (2001), Rock Mechanics Laboratory Experiments, Turkish Chambers of Geology Engineers, Ankara, Turkey.
  23. ASTM (1996), D2845-97, 1969, Standard method for laboratory determination of pulse velocities and ultrasonic elastic constants of rock, USA.
  24. Eurocode 6 (1996), European Committee for Standardization, Brussels.
  25. Lourenco, P.B. (1996), "Computational strategies for masonry structures", Ph.D. Dissertation, Delft University, Netherlands.
  26. Lourenco, P.B., Vasconcelos, G. and Ramos, L. (2001), "Assessment of the stability conditions of a Cistercian cloister", Studies Ancient Struct., 669-678.
  27. Petyt, M. (1990), Introduction to Finite Element Vibration Analysis, Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom.
  28. Altunisik, A.C. (2011), "Dynamic response of masonry minarets strengthened with Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites", Nat. Haz. Earth Syst. Sci., 11(7), doi:10.5194/nhess-11-2011-2011.

Cited by

  1. Restoration effects on experimental dynamic characteristics of masonry stone minarets vol.51, pp.6, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-018-1272-2
  2. Vertical strong ground motion effects on seismic damage propagations of historical masonry rectangular minarets vol.91, pp.None, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2018.04.029
  3. Zemin-yapı etkileşiminin betonarme bacaların dinamik davranışına etkisi vol.7, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.465732
  4. Investigation on seismic isolation retrofit of a historical masonry structure vol.16, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2019.16.4.501
  5. Effect of soil properties on the seismic damage assessment of historical masonry minaret–soil interaction systems vol.29, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.1694
  6. Investigation on Seismic Behavior of Historical Tokatlı Bridge under Near-Fault Earthquakes vol.2021, pp.None, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5596760
  7. Effect of near-fault earthquakes on a historical masonry arch bridge (Konjic Bridge) vol.21, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2021.21.2.125