The korean journal of orthodontics (대한치과교정학회지)

The Korean Association Of Orthodontists (대한치과교정학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The influence of age on lip-line cant in adults: a cross-sectional study

  • Choi, Sung Hwan (Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, College of Dentisrty, Yonsei University) ;
  • Kim, Jung Suk (Private Practice) ;
  • Kim, Cheol Soon (Private Practice) ;
  • Hwang, Chung Ju (Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, College of Dentisrty, Yonsei University)
  • Received : 2015.06.24
  • Accepted : 2015.07.28
  • Published : 2016.03.25
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objective: The aims of this study were to assess the direction and degree of lip-line cant in Korean adult orthodontic patients and to identify the effects of sex and age on changes in the cant severity. Methods: In this cross-sectional retrospective study, lip-line cant was measured in the frontal photographs of 585 Korean patients (92 men and 493 women) aged 18-48 years. The outcome variables (direction and degree of lip-line cant) were assessed in terms of predictor variables (sex, age, sagittal skeletal relationship, and menton deviation angle). Results: The direction of lip-line cant did not differ according to sex, age, or skeletal classification. Patients had $1.6^{\circ}$ of lip-line cant on average before orthodontic treatment. Middle-aged adults displayed a significant trend toward a lower degree of lip-line cant compared to younger adults (p < 0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the degree of lip-line cant was weakly negatively correlated with age (p < 0.001). Conclusions: While the direction of lip-line cant did not differ according to the parameters explored here, the degree of cant was correlated with age in adults, independent of menton deviation. Specifically, middle-aged adults tended to display significantly lower degrees of lip-line cant than did younger adults.

Keywords

References

  1. Ferrario VF, Sforza C, Poggio CE, Tartaglia G. Distance from symmetry: a three-dimensional evaluation of facial asymmetry. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1994;52:1126-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-2391(94)90528-2
  2. Shah SM, Joshi MR. An assessment of asymmetry in the normal craniofacial complex. Angle Orthod 1978;48:141-8.
  3. Bishara SE, Burkey PS, Kharouf JG. Dental and facial asymmetries: a review. Angle Orthod 1994;64:89-98.
  4. Peck S, Peck L, Kataja M. Skeletal asymmetry in esthetically pleasing faces. Angle Orthod 1991;61:43-8.
  5. Hwang HS, Youn IS, Lee KH, Lim HJ. Classification of facial asymmetry by cluster analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2007;132:279.e1-6.
  6. Cho JH, Kim EJ, Kim BC, Cho KH, Lee KH, Hwang HS. Correlations of frontal lip-line canting with craniofacial morphology and muscular activity. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2007;132:278.e7-14.
  7. Kim YH, Jeon J, Rhee JT, Hong J. Change of lip cant after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010;68:1106-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2009.07.030
  8. Padwa BL, Kaiser MO, Kaban LB. Occlusal cant in the frontal plane as a reflection of facial asymmetry. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1997;55:811-6; discussion 817. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-2391(97)90338-4
  9. Hwang HS, Min YS, Lee SC, Sun MK, Lim HS. Change of lip-line cant after 1-jaw orthognathic surgery in patients with mandibular asymmetry. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2009;136:564-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2007.10.060
  10. Gibelli D, Codari M, Rosati R, Dolci C, Tartaglia GM, Cattaneo C, et al. A quantitative analysis of lip aesthetics: the influence of gender and aging. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2015;39:771-6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-015-0495-7
  11. Rosati R, Codari M, Maffessanti F, Dolci C, Ferrario VF, Sforza C. The labial aging process: a surface analysis-based three-dimensional evaluation. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2014;38:236-41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-013-0227-9
  12. Kim HH, Lee JW, Cha KS, Chung DH, Lee SM. Three-dimensional assessment of upper lip positional changes according to simulated maxillary anterior tooth movements by white light scanning. Korean J Orthod 2014;44:281-93. https://doi.org/10.4041/kjod.2014.44.6.281
  13. Denize ES, McDonald F, Sherriff M, Naini FB. Facial profile parameters and their relative influence on bilabial prominence and the perceptions of facial profile attractiveness: A novel approach. Korean J Orthod 2014;44:184-94. https://doi.org/10.4041/kjod.2014.44.4.184
  14. An SM, Choi SY, Chung YW, Jang TH, Kang KH. Comparing esthetic smile perceptions among laypersons with and without orthodontic treatment experience and dentists. Korean J Orthod 2014;44:294-303. https://doi.org/10.4041/kjod.2014.44.6.294
  15. Hurmerinta K, Rahkamo A, Haavikko K. Comparison between cephalometric classification methods for sagittal jaw relationships. Eur J Oral Sci 1997;105:221-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0722.1997.tb00204.x
  16. Ferrario VF, Sforza C, Ciusa V, Dellavia C, Tartaglia GM. The effect of sex and age on facial asymmetry in healthy subjects: a cross-sectional study from adolescence to mid-adulthood. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2001;59:382-8. https://doi.org/10.1053/joms.2001.21872
  17. Pirttiniemi PM. Associations of mandibular and facial asymmetries--a review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1994;106:191-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-5406(94)70038-9
  18. Melnik AK. A cephalometric study of mandibular asymmetry in a longitudinally followed sample of growing children. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1992;101:355-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-5406(05)80329-4
  19. Michiels LY, Tourne LP. Nasion true vertical: a proposed method for testing the clinical validity of cephalometric measurements applied to a new cephalometric reference line. Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg 1990;5:43-52.
  20. Yogosawa F. Predicting soft tissue profile changes concurrent with orthodontic treatment. Angle Orthod 1990;60:199-206.
  21. Marinetti CJ. The lower muscular balance of the face used to lift labial commissures. Plast Reconstr Surg 1999;104:1153-62; discussion 1163-4. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006534-199909040-00042
  22. Pelissier P, Pistre V, Bustamante K, Martin D, Baudet J. The modiolus. Comparative anatomy, embryological and physiological review, surgical importance. Ann Chir Plast Esthet 2000;45:41-7.
  23. Coleman SR, Grover R. The anatomy of the aging face: volume loss and changes in 3-dimensional topography. Aesthet Surg J 2006;26:S4-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asj.2005.09.012
  24. Park DM. Total facelift: forehead lift, midface lift, and neck lift. Arch Plast Surg 2015;42:111-25. https://doi.org/10.5999/aps.2015.42.2.111
  25. Coleman SR. Long-term survival of fat transplants: controlled demonstrations. Aesthetic Plast Surg 1995;19:421-5. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00453875
  26. Carruthers J, Carruthers A. Aesthetic botulinum A toxin in the mid and lower face and neck. Dermatol Surg 2003;29:468-76.
  27. Lee MS, Chung DH, Lee JW, Cha KS. Assessing soft-tissue characteristics of facial asymmetry with photographs. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2010;138:23-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2008.08.029
  28. Georgiou CA, Benatar M, Bardot J, Santini J, Sicard BC. Morphologic variations of the philtrum and their effect in the upper lip lift. Plast Reconstr Surg 2014;134:996e-7e. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000000666
  29. Ferrus-Torres E, Valmaseda-Castellon E, Berini-Aytes L, Gay-Escoda C. Informed consent in oral surgery: the value of written information. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011;69:54-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2010.05.036
  30. Pierard GE, Hermanns-Le T, Gaspard U, Pierard-Franchimont C. Asymmetric facial skin viscoelasticity during climacteric aging. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2014;7:111-8.