KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE (한국작물학회지)

The Korean Society of Crop Science (한국작물학회)
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Effects of Long-Term Fertilization on Rice Yield and Soil Chemical Properties in the Mid-Plain of Korea

동일비료 장기시용이 벼 수량과 토양의 화학성분에 미치는 영향

  • Received : 2015.08.30
  • Accepted : 2016.02.03
  • Published : 2016.03.31
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Abstract

A long-term field experiment under different fertilization treatments had been conducted to explore the effects of rice yield and soil chemical properties from 1978 to 2008 in Suwon, Korea. The paddy was applied eight fertilization treatments which were F0 (no fertilizer), PK (phosphorous and potassium), NK (nitrogen and potassium), NP (nitrogen and phosphorous), NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium), NPKC (NPK with compost), NPKS (NPK with straw) and NPKL (NPK with lime). Results of 31 years experiment showed that yield index (the ratio of yield in each treatment to NPK) was the lowest in F0 (0.52) and the highest in NPKC (1.18). Yield index was gradually increased in NPKC but decreased in F0 and NK. The yield index of PK, NP, NPKS and NPKL were not changed long-term treatment. Soil acidity of NPKL showed the highest with pH 7.9, and that of other treatments ranged from pH 6.3 to 6.8. Available phosphorous content of soil was increased in all plots by long-term fertilization, was the highest in PK and NPKC. Soil organic matter was higher in NPKC (1.8%) and NPKS (1.8%) than other treatments (1.3~1.4%) in the early experiment, but that was remarkably increased in only NPKC (2.5%) according to annual long-term application. Thus we suggest that annual compost application with optimum NPK could make stable and sustainable rice production.

1978년부터 2008년까지 31년간 국립식량과학원 수원소재 답작시험포장에서 동일 비료 장기연용의 의한 벼의 수량과 토양의 화학성에 미치는 영향을 시험한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 1. 비료 연용처리에 따른 쌀 수량은 무비<무질소(PK)<무인산<(NK)<무칼리(NP) $\leq$ 3요소(NPK) $\leq$ 석회(NPKL)<생고(NPKS)$\leq$퇴비(NPKC) 순으로 높았다. 2. 3요소(NPK)대비 수량지수는 무비구가 0.52로 가장 낮았으며, NPKS와 NPKC가 각각 1.11, 1.18로 NPK보다 높았다. PK, NK, NP는 각각 0.61, 0.86, 0.98로 3요소 중 질소가 수량에 미치는 영향이 가장 컸으며 칼리의 영향이 가장 낮았다. NPKL은 NPK와 수량지수의 차이가 없었다. 3. NPKC는 기간이 경과할수록 수량과 수량지수가 모두 증가하였으며, NK와 F0의 수량지수는 감소하는 경향이었으나 유의성은 없었다. 그 외 PK, NK, NP, NPK, NPKS, NPKL의 수량지수는 모두 기간에 따른 변동이 없었다. 4. 토양의 유기물 함량은 NPKC는 적정유기물함량 수준인 2.5%까지 증가하였으나, NPKS는 1.8%에서 이들을 제외한 다른 처리는 1.3~1.4%로 초기와 차이가 없었다. 5. 토양의 유효인산 함량은 모든 인산 처리구에서 증가하였으며 특히 무질소구와 퇴비구에서 가장 높았다. 6. 석회처리구를 장기연용할 경우 토양 pH가 7.9까지 증가하여 논토양의 적정 산도보다 높아졌다.

Keywords

References

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