Journal of the Korean Society of International Agriculture (한국국제농업개발학회지)

The Korean Society of International Agriculture (한국국제농업개발학회)
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Soil Properties of Wheat Cultivation Fields and Fertilizer Use Status by Farmers

밀 재배 농경지의 토양특성과 농가들의 비료 시용실태

  • Received : 2016.04.14
  • Accepted : 2016.06.24
  • Published : 2016.06.30
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Abstract

This study was conducted to establish the techniques of the continuous wheat production of high yield level and to standardize of quality uniformity. It was selected the experimental places which were Iksan of Jeonbuk, Gwangju metropolitan city and Hapcheon of Gyeongnam. Farmers of participating in the experiment were 13 persons with two types of advanced and lower levels of their techniques in wheat cultivation, and total numbers of fields were 22 fields. The common information on the field soils were silt loam and loam in soil textures, all most deep and some moderate in soil depth, imperfectly drained in drainage classes, coastal and interior plain with some alluvial fan or local valley in land topography. It was investigated in status of the physico-chemical properties of soils. Soil pH was 6.0 in mean values with 5.2 ~ 7.5 ranges, organic matter(OM) was 25 g/kg with 16 ~ 39 ranges, available $P_2O_5$ 194mg/kg with 47 ~ 586 ranges, available $SiO_2$ 164mg/kg with 57 ~ 454 ranges, in exchangeable cations, K was 0.46 with 0.20 ~ 0.98, Ca was 6.2 with 3.6 ~ 11.7, Mg was 1.8 with $0.9{\sim}3.4cmol_{(c)}/kg$ in ranges, and these properties of soils were higher in advanced than those of lower level farmers. The amounts of fertilization in $N-P_2O_5-K_2O$ were 184-49-50 kg/ha in farmers application, 108-114-47 kg/ha in soil testing and 94-83-41kg/ha in standard recommendation. Fertilizer application amounts by farmers were higher than those of soil testing and standard recommendation by 76 ~ 90 kg/ha in N and 3 ~ 9 kg/ha in $K_2O$, and less by 34 ~ 74 kg/ha in phosphate fertilizer.

밀을 재배하고 있는 농가들의 포장특성과 토양의 이화학성을 조사하고, 농가들의 시비량과 시비방법들을 분석하여 밀의 수량증가 및 품질향상에 문제시 되는 요인들을 구명함으로서 품질 좋은 밀을 많이 생산할 수 있는 기술을 체계화하고자 수행한 시험결과는 다음과 같았다. 1. 밀 재배지 토양 대부분은 미사질양토 내지 양토이었고, 토심은 깊고, 배수는 약간 불량, 해안평탄 내지 내륙평탄에 위치한 토양과 선상/곡간지 토양들이 약간 포함되어 있었다. 2. 밀 재배농가 포장의 토양이화학성 중 pH는 5.2 ~ 7.5로 평균 6.0이었고, 유기물 16 ~ 39, 평균 25 g/kg, 유효인산 47 ~ 586, 평균 194mg/kg, 유효규산 57 ~ 454, 평균 164mg/kg이었으며, 치환성양이온인 칼륨 0,20 ~ 0.98, 평균 0.46, 칼슘 3.6 ~ 11.7, 평균 6.2, 마그네슘 0.9 ~ 3.4, 평균 $1,8cmol_{(c)}/kg$이었고, 토양의 용적밀도는 0.89 ~ 1,41, 평균 $1.12Mg/m^3$이었으며, 고상 33.7 ~ 53.2, 평균 42.0%, 액상 평균 27.3%, 기상 평균 30.8%이었다. 3. 토양의 이화학성분을 우수농가와 저위농가로 구분하여 보면 토양 pH와 유기물, 유효인산, 유효규산, 치환성양이온(K, Ca, Mg 등) 등 토양성분과 토양 3상중의 액상 비율은 우수농가에서 높았고, 용적밀도와 고상비율은 저위농가에서 높았다. 4. 밀 재배농가들의 시비량은 질소-인산-칼리 184-49-50 kg/ha이었고, 토양검정시비량은 108-114-47 kg/ha, 표준시비량은 94-83-41kg/ha이었다. 농가시비량은 토양검정시비량에 비하여 질소 76, 칼리 3 kg/ha을 더 시용하고, 인산은 74 kg/ha을 덜 시용하고 있었으며, 표준시비량에 비하여는 질소 90, 칼리 9 kg/ha을 더 시용하고, 인산은 34 kg/ha을 덜 시용하였으며, 웃거름은 질소만을 다량 시용하는 시비방법이었다. 5. 밀의 생육상태 및 수량구성요소에서 평균 출수기는 4월 24일경, 간장 79.0 cm, 수장 6.7 cm, $m^2$당 수수는 801개, 1수립수는 22.9개, 천립중은 41.6 g 및 수량은 4,304 kg/ha이었다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : 농림축산식품부

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