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A study on building evacuation simulation using Floor Field Model

Floor Field Model을 이용한 건축물의 대피시뮬레이션에 대한 연구

  • Received : 2016.01.12
  • Accepted : 2016.05.19
  • Published : 2016.06.30

Abstract

The floor field model (hereafter referred to as FFM) is a cellular automata (hereafter referred to as CA)-based walk model used to model pedestrian behavior. Existing studies on FFM conducted experiments with simple structures (that have one room or one obstacle in a room) or relatively complicated structures (that have many rooms). In order to apply the FFM to real buildings, it is necessary to have additional methodologies to process information about the number of rooms, floors, stairs, and exit doors. In particular, it is necessary to process exit doors during this procedure. Exit doors that are recognized by pedestrians are of many types such as exit doors in rooms, stairs connected to corridors, and exit doors in a building. When calculating the static floor field (hereafter referred to as SFF) in the FFM, information about exit doors is needed and simulation results will be different depending on how the SFF is calculated using an exit door among the above-mentioned exit doors. In this study, an XML-format building data model is proposed according to data structures required by the FFM. This study also defines a methodology to process a number of exit doors. Accordingly, this study developed a building data construction and evacuation simulator and simulation experiments were conducted with university campus building.

Floor Field Model(이하 FFM)은 보행자의 행동을 모델링하기 위한 Cellular Automata(이하 CA) 기반 보행모델이다. FFM에 대한 기존 연구들은 간단한 구조(하나의 방 혹은 방 안에 장애물이 있는 경우), 다소 복잡한 구조(여러 개의 방을 가지는 경우) 등에 대한 실험을 진행하였다. 다만, 실제 건물에 FFM을 적용하기 위해서는 다수의 방, 층, 계단, 출입문 등에 대한 정보들을 처리하기 위한 추가적인 방법론이 요구된다. 특히 이 과정에서 출입문에 대한 처리가 필요하다. 보행자들이 인지하는 출입문은 방의 출입문, 복도와 연결된 계단, 건물의 출입문 등 여러 종류가 있다. FFM에서는 Static Floor Field(이하 SFF)를 계산할 때, 출입문에 대한 정보가 필요하며, 앞서 언급한 출입문 중 어떤 것을 이용하여 SFF를 계산하는지에 따라 시뮬레이션 결과가 달라진다. 본 연구에서는 FFM에서 요구하는 데이터 구조에 따른 XML 형태의 건물 데이터 모델을 제시한다. 또한, 다수의 출입문을 처리하는 방법론을 정의한다. 이에 따라 건물 데이터 구축 및 대피시뮬레이터를 개발하였으며, 대학 캠퍼스 건물에 대해 시뮬레이션 실험을 수행하였다.

Keywords

References

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