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Oral Health and Occupational Status among Korean Adults

우리나라 성인의 직업 수준에 따른 구강건강불평등 현황

  • Shin, Bo-Mi (Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Dentistry and Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University) ;
  • Bae, Soo-Myoung (Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Dentistry and Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University) ;
  • Yoo, Sang-Hee (Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Dentistry and Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University) ;
  • Shin, Sun-Jung (Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Dentistry and Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University)
  • 신보미 (강릉원주대학교 치과대학 치위생학과 및 구강과학연구소) ;
  • 배수명 (강릉원주대학교 치과대학 치위생학과 및 구강과학연구소) ;
  • 유상희 (강릉원주대학교 치과대학 치위생학과 및 구강과학연구소) ;
  • 신선정 (강릉원주대학교 치과대학 치위생학과 및 구강과학연구소)
  • Received : 2016.05.13
  • Accepted : 2016.05.27
  • Published : 2016.06.30

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the oral health condition and behavioral status of Korean adults according to occupational status. The subjects were 7,676 adults, aged between 19 and 64 years, who completed both oral examination and questionnaire survey, among those who indicated that they were currently participating in economic activities, according to the data from the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Occupational class and employment status were selected as measures of occupational status. Complex-samples logistic regression models were used to assess the associations among oral health, behavioral, and occupational statuses. We found a significant occupational class-related difference in the oral health and behavioral statuses of both the men and women. In particular, the prevalence odds ratios of untreated dental caries in manual workers were 1.19 and 1.67 times higher than in non-manual workers, for men and women, respectively. As for oral health condition and behavioral status according to employment status, the health risk in temporary employment workers was higher than that in permanent employment workers. As for the prevalence odds ratios of the risk of dental caries, the highest values were observed for tooth brushing fewer than 3 times per day, not undergoing oral examinations, and chewing difficulty complaints. The risk of dental caries for agricultural, forestry, and fishing workers for both men and women was found to be the highest among other workers. Thus, strategies to promote workplace oral health in the microscopic and macroscopic perspectives should be developed to constantly monitor oral health problems, and to identify vulnerable social groups within occupational groups and the related factors that mediate oral health differences.

본 연구는 한국 성인의 직업 수준에 따른 구강건강상태 및 행태의 현황을 확인하기 위하여 제4기 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여 현재 경제활동을 하고 있다고 응답한 19~64세 성인 중 구강검사, 건강설문조사를 모두 완료한 7,676명을 최종 연구대상으로 삼아, 직업계층, 종사상 지위 및 직업분류에 따른 구강건강수준 및 행태의 현황을 분석하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 남녀 모두에서 직업계층에 따른 구강건강상태 및 행태의 유의미한 차이를 확인하였고, 특히 비육체직에 비해 육체직 종사자가 치아우식증 유병 위험도가 남자는 1.19배, 여자는 1.67배 높았고, 하루 3회 미만 칫솔질 실천 위험도가 남자는 1.83배, 여자는 2.39배 높았다(p<0.05). 종사상 지위에 따라 구강건강상태 및 행태에서 정규직 종사자에 비해 일용직 종사자의 불건강 위험도가 가장 높았고, 직업분류에 따른 치아우식 유병, 하루 3회 미만 칫솔질 실천, 구강검진 미검진, 저작불편호소 위험도는 남자 및 여자 모두에서 관리자, 전문가 및 관련 종사자에 비해 농림어업 숙련종사자의 위험도가 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 근로자의 높은 구강질병 유병수준은 근로손실 및 경제손실을 초래할 수 있고, 이는 개인의 경제적 부담을 가중시킬 뿐아니라, 노년기의 구강건강문제를 심화시킬 수 있다. 직업관련 환경은 개인의 소득, 교육수준과 같은 사회경제적 위치와는 달리, 정부의 직접적인 규제 및 보호가 가능하며, 이로 인한 복지제도 및 환경의 변화는 개인의 삶에 직접적인 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 따라서 추후 노동시장의 변화와 다양한 고용 조건에 따라 구강건강문제를 지속적으로 모니터링하고, 직업군 또는 산업군 내 취약 계층을 발굴하며, 계층 간 구강건강의 차이를 매개하는 관련 요인을 확인하여 미시적, 거시적 관점에서의 사업장 구강건강증진을 위한 전략 개발이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

Keywords

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