Membrane Journal (멤브레인)

The Membrane Society of Korea (한국막학회)
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Architecture and Transport Properties of Membranes out of Graphene

그래핀에 기초한 막의 구조와 물질 전달 성질 개관

  • Buchheim, Jakob (Nanoscience for Energy Technology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich) ;
  • Wyss, Roman M. (Nanoscience for Energy Technology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich) ;
  • Kim, Chang-Min (School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)) ;
  • Deng, Mengmeng (Nanoscience for Energy Technology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich) ;
  • Park, Hyung Gyu (Nanoscience for Energy Technology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich)
  • 야콥 부크하임 (취리히 연방 공과대학 기계공정공학과) ;
  • 로만 비스 (취리히 연방 공과대학 기계공정공학과) ;
  • 김창민 (광주과학기술원 지구환경공학부) ;
  • 등명명 (취리히 연방 공과대학 기계공정공학과) ;
  • 박형규 (취리히 연방 공과대학 기계공정공학과)
  • Received : 2016.08.22
  • Accepted : 2016.08.24
  • Published : 2016.08.31
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Abstract

Two-dimensional materials offer unique characteristics for membrane applications to water technology. With its atomic thickness, availability and stackability, graphene in particular is attracting attention in the research and industrial communities. Here, we present a brief overview of the recent research activities in this rising topic with bringing two membrane architecture into focus. Pristine graphene in single- and polycrystallinity poses a unique diffusion barrier property for most of chemical species at broad ambient conditions. If well designed and controlled, physical and chemical perforation can turn this barrier layer to a thinnest feasible membrane that permits ultimate permeation at given pore sizes. For subcontinuum pores, both molecular dynamics simulations and experiments predict potential salt rejection to envisage a seawater desalination application. Another novel membrane architecture is a stack of individual layers of 2D materials. When graphene-based platelets are chemically modified and stacked, the interplanar spacing forms a narrow transport pathway capable of separation of solvated ions from pure water. Bearing unbeknownst permeance and selectivity, both membrane architecture - ultrathin porous graphene and stacked platelets - offer a promising prospect for new extraordinary membranes for water technology applications.

최근 2차원 나노 물질을 응용하여 수처리 막의 성능을 향상시킬 수 있는가에 대한 연구가 활발하다. 그 노력의 한 가운데에 원자 두께를 가지고 있으면서 손쉽게 구할 수 있고 층으로 쌓을 수도 있는 2차원 물질인 그래핀이 자리하고 있다. 이 총설에서 우리는 그래핀으로부터 만들 수 있는 두 가지 막 구조에 관한 기초 물질 전달 현상을 최근 연구 성과를 중심으로 다룬다. 그 물질 자체로 이미 물질 전달 차단성을 갖는 그래핀에 정확히 제어된 크기의 구멍을 뚫을 수 있다면 아마도 원자 크기 수준으로 얇은 두께 때문에 그래핀 막은 같은 기공 크기의 어느 막보다도 빠른 궁극적 투과도를 나타낼 것이며, 이로부터 선택도를 담보할 수 있다면 다양한 막 분리 공정에 적용할 수 있을 것이다. 그 한 예로, 나노미터 이하의 기공을 가정한 초박막 침투성 그래핀 막에 대한 분자동역학 연구와 몇몇 초기 실험 결과들이 해수담수화 막으로서의 가능성을 보인 점은 주목할 만하다. 그래핀 물질로부터 다른 구성을 가진 막을 설계할 수 있는데, 이 막은 적당히 산화된 그래핀 마이크로 판들을 무작위로 적층함으로써 구현할 수 있다. 그래핀 판 적층 간격을 나노미터 이하로 쉽게 제어할 수 있기 때문에 이 구조 역시 수처리 및 해수담수화 막으로서의 가능성을 시사한다. 기존 막기술에 존재하지 않던 구조와 물질 전달 성질을 가짐으로써 두 종류의 그래핀 막은 앞으로 수처리 기술을 비롯한 다양한 막 기술의 응용분야에서 효과적으로 기여할 가능성이 충분하다.

Keywords

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