Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation (한국시뮬레이션학회논문지)

The Korea Society for Simulation (한국시뮬레이션학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Study on Comparison of Improved Floor Field Model and Other Evacuation Models

개선된 Floor Field Model과 다른 피난시뮬레이션 모델의 비교 연구

  • Received : 2016.05.27
  • Accepted : 2016.09.20
  • Published : 2016.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In this study, we propose an improved Floor Field Model(FFM) that considers the physical characteristics of pedestrians, i.e., body size, shape, and posture. Also we analyse limits of FFM and features of improved model compared with existing evacuation simulation models. FFM is a typical microscopic pedestrian model using CA, but it does not reflect the physical characteristics of pedestrians. Because of this, FFM is difficult to modeling phenomena such as collision, friction between pedestrians. As a result, FFM calculates a very short evacuation time when compared with the other models. We performed a computational experiment to compare improved model with other models such as FFM, Simulex, Pathfinder in an actual campus building. We carried out a comparison of evacuation aspect according to the change in number of evacuees. Also we compared evacuation aspect by exit. Finally, we confirmed that improved model reflects physical phenomena which were not reflected in FFM. Especially, experimental results were very similar to the Simulex.

본 연구는 보행자의 물리적 특성(크기, 모양, 자세 등)을 적용한 개선된 플로어 필드 모델(Floor field model; FFM)을 소개하고, 개선된 모델과 널리 알려진 다른 피난시뮬레이션 모델과의 비교를 통해 FFM의 한계점 파악 및 개선된 모델의 특징을 분석하고자 한다. FFM은 셀룰라 오토마타(Cellular automata)를 이용한 대표적 미시적 관점 보행 모델이지만 보행자의 크기, 모양, 자세 등의 물리적 특성을 세밀하게 반영하지 않는다. 이로 인해 보행자들 간의 충돌, 마찰 등의 현상을 모델링하기 어려우며 결과적으로 다른 모델들과 비교하였을 경우에 매우 짧은 대피 시간을 산출하고 있다. 본 연구는 물리적 현상을 반영할 수 있는 개선된 FFM을 제시하며, 개선된 모델과 기존 FFM, 시뮬렉스(Simulex), 패스파인더(Pathfinder) 등 다른 모델들과의 비교 실험을 수행하였다. 실험은 실제 캠퍼스 건물의 일부 공간을 대상으로 진행되었으며, 대피 인원의 변화에 따른 대피 양상의 비교와 각 출구별 대피 양상의 비교가 수행되었다. 이를 통해 FFM에서는 반영되지 않던 물리적 현상들이 개선된 모델에서는 상용 모델 수준으로 적용되는 점과 특히 시뮬렉스와 유사한 형태의 대피 양상을 보임을 확인하였다.

Keywords

References

  1. Amor, H. B., Murray, J. and Obst, O., Fast, Neat, and Under Control: Arbitrating Between Steering Behaviors, S. Rabin(Ed.), AI Game Programming Wisdom 3, 2006.
  2. Burstedde, C., Klauck, K., Schadschneider, A. and Zittartz, J., "Simulation of pedestrian dynamics using a two-dimensional cellular automaton", Physica A:Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Vol.295, No.3, 2001, 507-525. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4371(01)00141-8
  3. Choi, J., Lee, S. and Hong, W., "A Study on Reliability Assessment of Evacuation Simulation Models with respect to Full-scale Experiment vs. Egress Simulation Results from the High-rise Building Data-set", Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design, Vol.31, No.2, 2015, 269-276. (최준호, 이수호, 홍원화, "초고층 건축물에 대한 피난 시뮬레이션 모델의 신뢰성 평가에 관한 연구", 대한건축학회 논문집 - 계획계, 제31권, 제2호, 2015, 269-276). https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK_PD.2015.31.2.269
  4. Fu, L., Song, W., Lv, W., Liu, X., and Lo, S., "Multi-grid simulation of counter flow pedestrian dynamics with emotion propagation". Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, Vol.60, 2016, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simpat.2015.09.007
  5. Kim, J., Joo, S. and Lee, J. "An Evaluation on Evacuation Safety in Multiplex Cinema based on Fire & Evacuation Simulation", Journal of Korean Institute of Architectural Sustainable Environment and Building Systems, Vol.1, No.1, 2007, 7-13. (김종훈, 주성용, 이정재, "화재.피난 시뮬레이션을 통한 복합영화관에서의 피난 안정성 검토", 한국건축친환경설비학회 논문집, 제1권, 제1호, 2007, 7-13).
  6. Kirchner, A., Klupfel, H., Nishinari, K., Schadschneider, A. and Schreckenberg, M. "Discretisation Effects and The Influence of Walking Speed in Cellular Automata Models for Pedestrian Dynamics", J Stat Mech, Vol.10, 2004, P10011.
  7. Kirchner, A., Nishinari, K. and Schadschneider, A., "Friction effects and clogging in a cellular automatation model for pedestrian dynamics", Physical Review E, Vol.67, No.5, 2003.
  8. Kirchner, A., and Schadschneider, A., "Simulation of evacuation processes using a bionics-inspired cellular automaton model for pedestrian dynamics", Physica A:Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Vol.312, 2002, 260-276. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4371(02)00857-9
  9. Lim, W., Ryu T., Choi, H., Choi, H. and Chung, M., "A Comparision of Gait Characteristics between Korean and Western Young People", Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea, Vol.25, No.2, 2006, 33-41. (임완수, 류태범, 최훈우, 최화순, 정민근, "한국인과 서구인 청년층의 보행특성 비교", 대한인간공학회지, 제25권, 제2호, 2006, 33-41).
  10. Nam, H., Kwak, S. and Jun, C., "Developing a Cellular Automata-based Pedestrian Model Incorporating Physical Characteristics of Pedestrians", Journal of Korea Spatial Information Society, Vol.22, No.2, 2014, 53-62. (남현우, 곽수영, 전철민, "보행자의 물리적 특성을 반영한 CA기반 보행모델", 한국공간정보학회지, 제22권, 제2호, 2014, 53-62).
  11. Nelson, H. E. and MacLennan. H. A. Emergency movement, P. DiNenno(Ed.), The SFPE Handbook of fire Protection Engineering, 3rd Edition, National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, 2002.
  12. Nishinari, K., Kirchner, A., Namazi, A. and Schadschneider, A., "Extended Floor Field CA Model for Evacuation Dynamics", IEICETrans. Inf. Syst, Vol.E87-D, No.3, 2004, 726-732.
  13. Raynolds, C. W. "Steering Behaviors For Autonomous Characters", Proceedings of the Game Developers Conference 1999, San Jose, California, 1999, 763-782.
  14. Thompson, P., Wu, J. and Marchant, E., "Simulex 3.0: Modelling Evacuation in Multi-Storey Buildings", Fire Safety Science, Vol.5, No.185, 1997, 725-736. https://doi.org/10.3801/IAFSS.FSS.5-725
  15. Thunderhead Engineering., "Pathfinder Technical Reference", 2009, Available at http://thunderheadeng.net/download/pathfinder-2013-docs/tech_ref.pdf (Accessed May 27. 2016).
  16. Thunderhead Engineering., "Verification and Validation", 2015, Available at http://www.thunderheadeng.com/downloads/pathfinder/verification_validation_2015_1.pdf (Accessed May 27. 2016).
  17. Yanagisawa, D., Kimura, A., Tomoeda, A., Ryosuke, N., Suma, Y., Ohtsuka, K. and Nishinari, K., "Introduction of frictional and turning function for pedestrian outflow with an obstacle" Physical Review E, Vol.80, No.3, 2009.

Cited by

  1. Analysis of Pedestrian Evacuation Behaviors by the Evacuation Information Scenarios Using Social Force Model: Focusing on Sejong City vol.17, pp.1, 2018, https://doi.org/10.12815/kits.2018.17.1.31