Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship (벤처창업연구)

The Korean Society of Business Venturing (한국벤처창업학회)
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The impact of regional and industry environments in shaping the organizational identity of the social enterprises

사회적 기업의 정체성 형성과정에서 지역과 산업환경의 역할

  • Received : 2016.05.18
  • Accepted : 2016.08.05
  • Published : 2016.08.31
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Abstract

Social enterprises have been concerned with the social problems and their market survival, simultaneously. They show diverse types of organizational identities in order to pursue such hybrid goals. This study examines how the social enterprises shape their identities. In particular, it focuses on regional and industry environments that influence the types of the organizational identities of the social enterprises. This study categorizes 219 social enterprises, founded in the environmental sector, into social oriented single identity, business oriented single identity, and mixed identity enterprises using the 2014 and 2015 Social Enterprise Directory published by Korea Social Enterprise Promotion Agency. Findings are as follows: First, there are more social enterprises with a single identity in the metropolitan environment, compared to ones in the non-metropolitan environment, and social enterprises with a mixed identity are more likely to be established in the non-metropolitan environment than ones in the metropolitan environment. Second, there are more social enterprises with a social oriented single identity in the emerging industry environment than ones in the mature industry environment. Also, more social enterprises with a business oriented single identity are formed in the mature industry environment than ones in the emerging industry environment.

사회적 기업은 사회문제 해결과 시장에서의 생존을 동시에 고민한다. 이들은 이질적 두 목적을 모두 달성하기 위해 다양한 유형의 조직정체성을 형성한다. 본 연구는 사회적 기업이 가지는 조직정체성이 어떻게 형성되는지에 대해 초점을 두었다. 특히 기업이 설립된 지역환경과 산업환경이 사회적 기업 정체성에 미치는 영향에 대해 탐구했다. 연구를 위해 한국사회적기업진흥원에서 2014년과 2015년에 발간한 "사회적기업개요집"에 소개된 환경 분야 219개 사회적 기업 소개 자료를 활용해 이들을 사회적 정체성 기반기업, 사업적 정체성 기반기업, 혼종적 정체성 기업으로 구분하여 다음의 사실을 발견했다. 첫째, 수도권 및 광역시지역에 설립된 사회적 기업은 사회적 정체성이나 사업적 정체성 중 하나의 단일정체성을 가지는 비율이 시 군지역의 경우보다 높고, 시 군지역에 설립된 사회적 기업은 혼종적 정체성을 가지는 비율이 수도권 및 광역시지역의 경우보다는 높았다. 둘째, 성장산업환경에서는 사회적 기업이 사회적 정체성을 가지는 비율이 높아지고, 성숙산업환경에서는 사회적 기업이 사업적 정체성을 가지는 확률이 높아졌다.

Keywords

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