Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture (한국전통조경학회지)

Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture (한국전통조경학회)
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Comparative Study on the Shape and Symbolism of Flowered-Wall in Tradition Private Houses and Temples - Focusing on the Designated Cultural Properties of Jeollabuk-do Province -

전통민가와 사찰에 나타난 꽃담의 형태와 상징성 연구 - 전라북도 문화재를 중심으로 -

  • Go, Yu-Ra (Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Woosuk National University) ;
  • Sin, Sang-Sup (Dept. of Landscape Architecture and Urban Design, Woosuk University)
  • 고유라 (우석대학교 대학원 조경학과) ;
  • 신상섭 (우석대학교 조경도시디자인학과)
  • Received : 2016.05.16
  • Accepted : 2016.07.26
  • Published : 2016.09.30
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Abstract

A 'flowered-wall,' which are also called a 'flower plant patterned wall,' or a 'flower patterned wall,' is a wall of a building or a fence with various patterns on it. A flowered-wall can be an external mean to look into the owner's authority and values while internally it possesses the symbolic meaning of wishing the well-being and peace of the household. In the research area of the flowered-wall, the walls located in the palace were well researched in various studies across architecture, horticulture, and art design, however, the walls belonging to the local regional traditional folk houses and temples have been involved in little to no research in the landscape architectural area. Taking notice of this perspective this study researched and analyzed the cases of the flowered-walls of the traditional folk houses and the temples that belonged to the national and municipal cultural properties of Jeollabuk-do Province from the landscape architectural perspective. The whole samples were examined and it was shown that there were 9 traditional folk houses with flowered-walls. Among the temples there were 7 cases. Therefore the research focusing on tracing the shape and symbolic meaning of the flowered-walls in the 16 cultural properties located in the Jeollabuk-do Province which consisted of traditional folk houses and temples resulted in the following. Flowered-walls displayed hierarchical differentiation revolving around the main space and its spacial characteristic. This differentiation is variously displayed across the flowered-wall, gable, crack plastering, and chimney. In the case of the folk houses the symbols have the meaning of the prosperity of the household and progeny, exorcism, longevity, number of fortune, harmony, and peace etc that prays for practical wishes such as long life and good health with the prosperity of their descendants. Meanwhile in the temples, symbols indicating an easy passage into eternity, perpetuation of the Buddha-nature, and three marks of existence are applied, differentiating from the folk houses by the appliance of the religious values in the patterns. In conclusion this research resulted in the rightful illumination on the local landscape culture, the possibility of expressing the Korean sentiment through flowered-walls in the contemporary space, the reassessment of flowered-walls, and the provision of basic data for a plan to success the cultural heritage.

건물의 벽이나 담에 여러 가지 문양을 넣은 담장을 '꽃담' 또는 '화초장(花草墻), 화문장(花紋牆)'이라고 한다. 꽃담을 통해서 외적으로는 소유자의 권위, 가치관 등을 짐작할 수 있고, 내적으로는 집안의 안녕과 평화를 기원하는 상징적 의미를 추적할 수 있기도 하다. 그동안 꽃담 관련 연구의 경우 궁궐은 건축, 원예, 미술 디자인 분야 등에서 다양하게 진행된 반면 지역성과 관련한 전통민가와 사찰 관련 연구는 조경분야에서 전무한 상태이다. 이러한 관점에 착안하여 본 연구는 국가 및 도지정 문화재인 전라북도 소재 전통민가와 사찰의 꽃담 사례를 조경적 관점에서 조사, 분석하였다. 전수 조사한 결과 꽃담이 도입된 전통민가 9개소와 사찰 7개소를 중심으로 연구분석하였다. 즉, 전라북도에 산재하는 문화재 16개소를 중심으로 전통민가와 사찰에 나타나는 꽃담의 형태와 기능, 재료, 문양의 상징적 의미를 추적하여 연구결과를 도출하였다. 꽃담은 위치와 형태에 따라 공간기능과 성격이 차별화 되며, 문양의 경우 담장은 물론 합각, 고막이, 굴뚝 등에 다양하게 나타난다. 민가에서는 식물은 물론 문자문양까지 다양한 반면 사찰에서는 불교의 교리와 신앙 등의 의미를 지닌 신앙관련 문양이 주로 나타난다. 상징적으로 민가의 경우 가문과 자손 번영, 벽사, 장수, 길수(吉數) 등이 나타나며, 사찰에서는 불성(佛性)과 극락왕생(極樂往生)을 기원하고 연꽃의 속성을 강조하는 등 의미적 차별성이 표출된다. 결과적으로 본 연구를 통해 향토 조경문화의 올바른 조명, 현대 공간에 꽃담을 모티브로 한 한국적 정취의 표출 가능성, 그리고 꽃담에 대한 인식 제고와 계승 방안 모색을 위한 기초자료 제공 등과 같은 연구 성과를 도출할 수 있었다.

Keywords

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