ETRI Journal

Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (한국전자통신연구원)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

SOA-Integrated Dual-Mode Laser and PIN-Photodiode for Compact CW Terahertz System

  • Lee, Eui Su (Broadcasting & Media Research Laboratory, ETRI) ;
  • Kim, Namje (Broadcasting & Media Research Laboratory, ETRI) ;
  • Han, Sang-Pil (Broadcasting & Media Research Laboratory, ETRI) ;
  • Lee, Donghun (ICT Material & Components Research Laboratory, ETRI) ;
  • Lee, Won-Hui (Broadcasting & Media Research Laboratory, ETRI) ;
  • Moon, Kiwon (Broadcasting & Media Research Laboratory, ETRI) ;
  • Lee, Il-Min (Broadcasting & Media Research Laboratory, ETRI) ;
  • Shin, Jun-Hwan (Broadcasting & Media Research Laboratory, ETRI) ;
  • Park, Kyung Hyun (Broadcasting & Media Research Laboratory, ETRI)
  • Received : 2015.10.08
  • Accepted : 2016.03.04
  • Published : 2016.08.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

We designed and fabricated a semiconductor optical amplifier-integrated dual-mode laser (SOA-DML) as a compact and widely tunable continuous-wave terahertz (CW THz) beat source, and a pin-photodiode (pin-PD) integrated with a log-periodic planar antenna as a CW THz emitter. The SOA-DML chip consists of two distributed feedback lasers, a phase section for a tunable beat source, an amplifier, and a tapered spot-size converter for high output power and fiber-coupling efficiency. The SOA-DML module exhibits an output power of more than 15 dBm and clear four-wave mixing throughout the entire tuning range. Using integrated micro-heaters, we were able to tune the optical beat frequency from 380 GHz to 1,120 GHz. In addition, the effect of benzocyclobutene polymer in the antenna design of a pin-PD was considered. Furthermore, a dual active photodiode (PD) for high output power was designed, resulting in a 1.7-fold increase in efficiency compared with a single active PD at 220 GHz. Finally, herein we successfully show the feasibility of the CW THz system by demonstrating THz frequency-domain spectroscopy of an ${\alpha}$-lactose pellet using the modularized SOA-DML and a PD emitter.

Keywords

References

  1. B. Ferguson and X.-C. Zhang, "Materials for Terahertz Science and Technology," Nature Mater., vol. 1, Sept. 2002, pp. 26-33. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat708
  2. P.U. Jepsen, D.G. Cooke, and M. Koch, "Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging - Modern Techniques and Applications," Laser Photon. Rev., vol. 5, no. 1, Oct. 2011, pp. 124-166. https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.201000011
  3. J. Xu et al., "Limit of Spectral Resolution in Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy," China Physics Lett., vol. 20, no. 8, 2003, pp. 1266-1268. https://doi.org/10.1088/0256-307X/20/8/324
  4. B. Sartorius et al., "All-fiber Terahertz Time-Domain Spectrometer Operating at 1.5 ${\mu}m$ Telecom Wavelengths," Opt. Express, vol. 16, no. 13, June 2008, pp. 9565-9570. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.16.009565
  5. K. Moon et al., "Generation and Detection of Terahertz Waves Using Low-Temperature-Grown GaAs with an Annealing Process," ETRI. J., vol. 36, no. 1, Feb. 2014, pp. 159-162. https://doi.org/10.4218/etrij.14.0213.0319
  6. M. Asada, S. Suzuki, and N. Kishimoto, "Resonant Tunneling Diodes for sub-Terahertz and Terahertz Oscillators," Jpn. J. Appl. Physics, vol. 47, no. 6, June 2008, pp. 4375-4384. https://doi.org/10.1143/JJAP.47.4375
  7. M. Bessou et al., "Three-Dimensional Terahertz Computed Tomography of Human Bones," Appl. Opt., vol. 51, no. 28, Oct. 2012, pp. 6738-6744. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.51.006738
  8. E.R. Brown, "THz Generation by Photomixing in Ultrafast Photoconductors," Int. J. High Speed Electron. Syst., vol. 13, no. 2, June 2003, pp. 497-545. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129156403001818
  9. I.-M. Lee et al., "Frequency Modulation Based Continuous-Wave Terahertz Homodyne System," Opt. Express, vol. 23, no. 2, Jan. 2015, pp. 846-858. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.23.000846
  10. E.R. Brown, F.W. Smith, and K.A. Mclntosh, "Coherent Millimeter-Wave Generation by Heterodyne Conversion in Low-Temperature-Grown GaAs Photoconductors," J. Appl. Physics, vol. 73, no. 3, 1993, pp. 1480-1484. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.353222
  11. T. Nagatsuma, H. Ito, and T. Ishibashi, "High-Power RF Photodiodes and their Applications," Laser Photon. Rev., vol. 3, Feb. 2009, pp. 123-137. https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.200810024
  12. B. Sartorius et al., "Continuous Wave Terahertz Systems Exploiting 1.5 ${\mu}m$ Telecom Technologies," Opt. Express, vol. 17, no. 17, Aug. 2009, pp. 15001-15007. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.17.015001
  13. M. Theurer et al., "Photonic-Integrated Circuit for Continuous- Wave THz Generation," Opt. Lett., vol. 38, no. 19, Oct. 2013, pp. 3724-3726. https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.38.003724
  14. P.J. Moore, Z.J. Chaboyer, and G. Das, "Tunable Dual-Wavelength Fiber Laser," Opt. Fiber Technol., vol. 15, no. 4, Aug. 2009, pp. 377-379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2009.04.001
  15. M.Y. Jeon et al., "Widely Tunable Dual-Wavelength $Er^{3+}-Doped$ Fiber Laser for Tunable Continuous-Wave Terahertz Radiation," Opt. Express, vol. 18, no. 12, May 2010, pp. 12291-12297. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.18.012291
  16. A.J. Seeds et al., "Coherent Terahertz Photonics," Opt. Express, vol. 21, no. 19, Sept. 2013, pp. 22988-23000. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.21.022988
  17. N. Kim et al., "Widely Tunable $1.55-{\mu}m$ Detuned Dual-Mode Laser Diode for Compact Continuous-Wave THz Emitter," ETRI J., vol. 33, no. 5, Oct. 2011, pp. 810-813. https://doi.org/10.4218/etrij.11.0210.0429
  18. N. Kim et al., "Monolithically Integrated Optical Beat Sources toward a Single-Chip Broadband Terahertz Emitter," Laser Physics Lett., vol. 10, no. 8, June 2013, p. 085805. https://doi.org/10.1088/1612-2011/10/8/085805
  19. H.-C. Ryu et al., "Simple and Cost-Effective Thickness Measurement Terahertz System Based on a Compact 1.55 ${\mu}m \,{\lambda}/4$ Phase-Shifted Dual-Mode Laser," Opt. Express, vol. 20, no. 23, Nov. 2012, pp. 25990-25999. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.025990
  20. J.-I. Hashimoto, Y. Nakano, and K. Tada, "Influence of Facet Reflection on the Performance of a DFB Laser Integrated with an Optical Amplifier/Modulator," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 28, no. 3, Mar. 1992, pp. 594-603. https://doi.org/10.1109/3.124983
  21. N. Yoshimoto et al., "Highly Efficient Coupling Semiconductor Spot-Size Converter with an InP/InAlAs Multiple-Quantum-Well Core," Appl. Opt., vol. 34, no. 6, Feb. 1995, pp. 1007-1014. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.34.001007
  22. H.-S. Kim et al., "1.55 ${\mu}m$ Spot-Size Converter Integrated-Laser Diode Fabricated by Selective-Area Metalorganic Vapor-Phase Epitaxy," Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 25, no. 5, June 2000, pp. 300-302. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2760(20000605)25:5<300::AID-MOP4>3.0.CO;2-S
  23. J. Renaudier et al., "Phase Correlation between Longitudinal Modes in Semiconductor Self-Pulsating DBR Lasers," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 17, no. 4, Apr. 2005, pp. 741-743. https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2005.843977
  24. T. Okoshi, K. Kikuchi, and A. Nakayama, "Novel Method for High Resolution Measurement of Laser Output Spectrum," Electron. Lett., vol. 16, no. 16, July 1980, pp. 630-631. https://doi.org/10.1049/el:19800437
  25. E.S. Lee et al., "Design and Characterization of Evanescently Coupled Photodiodes for 1.3 ${\mu}m$ Wavelength," Int. Conf. Infrared, Millimeter THz. Waves, Tucson, AZ, USA, Sept. 14-19, 2014, pp. 1-2.
  26. S.-P. Han et al., "Compact Fiber-Pigtailed InGaAs Photoconductive Antenna Module for Terahertz-Wave Generation and Detection," Opt. Express, vol. 20, no. 16, July 2012, pp. 18432-18439. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.018432
  27. H.-J. Song et al., "Uni-Travelling-Carrier Photodiode Module Generating 300 GHz Power Greater Than 1 mW," IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., vol. 22, no. 7, July 2012, pp. 363-365. https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWC.2012.2201460

Cited by

  1. Sub-THz wave generation based on a dual wavelength microsquare laser vol.53, pp.14, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1049/el.2017.1695
  2. In-line Dual-Mode DBR Laser Diode for Terahertz Wave Source vol.4, pp.6, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3807/copp.2020.4.6.461