Journal of Nutrition and Health

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
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Potassium intake of Korean adults: Based on 2007~2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

한국 성인의 칼륨 섭취 현황 : 2007~2010년 국민건강영양조사 자료 이용

  • Lee, Su Yeoun (Department of Food & Nutrition, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Lee, Sim-Yeol (Department of Home Economics Education, Dongguk University) ;
  • Ko, Young-Eun (Department of Food & Nutrition, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Ly, Sun Yung (Department of Food & Nutrition, Chungnam National University)
  • 이수연 (충남대학교 생활과학대학 식품영양학과) ;
  • 이심열 (동국대학교-서울 가정교육과) ;
  • 고영은 (충남대학교 생활과학대학 식품영양학과) ;
  • 이선영 (충남대학교 생활과학대학 식품영양학과)
  • Received : 2016.10.10
  • Accepted : 2017.01.09
  • Published : 2017.02.28
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Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dietary potassium intake, Na/K intake molar ratio, consumption of 18 food groups, and foods contributing to potassium intake of Korean adults as well as the relationships among quartile of potassium intake level and blood pressure, blood biochemical index. Methods: This study was conducted using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007~2010. The total number of subjects was 20,291. All analyses were conducted using a survey weighting to account for the complex survey design. Results: Overall average intakes of potassium were 2,934.7, 3,070.6, 3,078.1, and 3,232.0 mg/day, and they significantly increased by year in Korean adults. The average dietary potassium intake was close to adequate intake (AI), whereas that of women was considerably lower than the AI. The Na/K intake molar ratio in males (2.89~3.23) was higher than in females (2.62~2.95). The major food groups contributing to potassium intake were vegetables, cereals, and fruits/meats. The two major foods contributing to potassium intake were polished rice and cabbage kimchi. The rankings of food source were as follows; polished rice > cabbage kimchi > potato > oriental melon > sweet potato > seaweed > radish > apple > black soybean. In 50~64 year old females, systolic blood pressure (SBP) significantly decreased (p < 0.01) and HDL-cholesterol significantly increased (p < 0.05) as potassium intake increased. Triglyceride (TG) was significantly higher in the other quartile of potassium intake level than in the first quartile (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, our study suggests the need for an appropriate set of dietary reference intakes according to caloric intake by sex and age groups and for development of eating patterns to increase potassium intake and decrease sodium intake.

본 연구에서는 2007년부터 2010까지의 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여 한국 성인의 칼륨 섭취량, 나트륨과 칼륨의 섭취 몰 비율 (molar ratio)을 비교분석하고 칼륨의 급원 식품군과 식품, 건강지표들과 칼륨의 섭취 수준과의 관계를 알아보았다. 모든 통계분석은 변수에 국민건강영양조사 자료에서 제공하는 가중치를 적용하였으며, 복합표본설계 일반선형모형을 이용하였다. 칼륨의 1일 평균 섭취량은 남성은 충분섭취량에 근접하고 있었으나 여성에서는 충분섭취량을 크게 밑돌고 있었으며 남녀 모두 20~64세 연령층에 비하여 65~74세 연령층에서 높았다. 나트륨과 칼륨 섭취량의 몰 비율 (molar ratio)은 남성이 2.89~3.23로 여성 (2.62~2.95)에 비해 높았고, 남녀 모두 50세 이후 연령층의 Na/K 몰 비율 (molar ratio)이 낮고 20~49세 연령층에서 높게 나타났다. 한국인이 섭취하는 칼륨의 급원식품 중 기여도가 높은 식품군은 조사 시기, 성별, 연령층에 무관하게 채소군이었으며, 그 기여도는 전체의 28~33%로 전체 칼륨 섭취량의 1/3을 차지하였다. 그 다음으로 기여도가 큰 식품군으로 곡류, 과일류, 육류 등이었다. 기여도가 높은 식품은 백미와 배추김치였고, 감자-참외-고구마-미역-무-사과-검정콩 등이 그 다음 순으로 조사되었다. 칼륨 섭취수준을 사분위로 나누어 건강지표들과 관련성을 보았을 때 칼륨 섭취 수준이 증가할수록 50~64세 여성수축기 혈압이 유의하게 감소하였고 (p < 0.01), 1사분위군 (1일 평균 1,851.2 mg 이하 섭취자)의 수축기 혈압은 4사분위군 (1일 평균 3,602.2 mg 이상 섭취자)의 수축기 혈압보다 3.6 mmHg 높았다. 또한 동일 연령대의 여성에서 혈중 중성지방의 농도가 1사분위군에서 가장 높았고, HDL-콜레스테롤의 농도는 칼륨섭취량이 많을수록 증가하였다 (p < 0.05). 본 연구결과, 칼륨섭취량은 식사섭취량에 따라 변화하므로 특히 성별열량 섭취량에 따라 영양섭취기준을 달리 설정하는 것도 고려해 볼 여지가 있으며 칼륨 섭취를 높이고 나트륨의 섭취를 줄일 수 있는 한국식 DASH diet의 개발이 필요할 수 있음을 시사한다.

Keywords

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