Journal of Broadcast Engineering (방송공학회논문지)

The Korean Institute of Broadcast and Media Engineers (한국방송∙미디어공학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

An Empirical Digital Image Watermarking using Frequency Properties of DWT

DWT의 주파수 특성을 이용한 실험적 디지털 영상 워터마킹

  • Kang, I-Seul (Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University) ;
  • Lee, Yong-Seok (Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University) ;
  • Seob), Young-Ho (School of Liberal Arts, Kwangwoon University) ;
  • Kim, Dong-Wook (Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University)
  • 강이슬 (광운대학교 전자재료공학과) ;
  • 이용석 (광운대학교 전자재료공학과) ;
  • 서영호 (광운대학교 인제니움학부대학) ;
  • 김동욱 (광운대학교 전자재료공학과)
  • Received : 2017.02.28
  • Accepted : 2017.05.22
  • Published : 2017.05.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Digital video content is the most information-intensive and high-value content. Therefore, it is necessary to protect the intellectual property rights of these contents, and this paper also proposes a watermarking method of digital image for this purpose. The proposed method uses the frequency characteristics of 2-Dimensional Discrete Wavelet Transform (2D-DWT) for digital images and digital watermark on global data without using local or specific data of the image for watermark embedding. The method to insert digital watermark data uses a simple Quantization Index Modulation (QIM) and a multiple watermarking method that inserts the same watermark data in multiple. When extracting a watermark, multiple watermarks are extracted and the final watermark data is determined by a simple statistical method. This method is an empirical method for experimentally determining the parameters in the watermark embedding process. The proposed method performs experiments on various images against various attacks and shows the superiority of the proposed method by comparing the performance with the representative existing methods.

디지털 영상 콘텐츠는 가장 정보 함축적이며 고부가가치의 콘텐츠이다. 따라서 이 콘텐츠들의 지적재산권을 보호할 필요가 있으며, 본 논문도 이것을 목적으로 한 디지털 워터마킹 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법은 디지털 영상에 대한 2차원 이산웨이블릿변환(2-Dimensional Discrete Wavelet Transform, 2D-DWT)의 주파수 특성을 이용하며, 영상의 국부적 또는 특정 데이터를 사용하지 않고 전역적 데이터에 디지털 워터마크를 삽입하는 방법을 사용한다. 디지털 워터마크를 삽입하는 방법은 간단한 양자화 인덱스 변조(Quantization Index Modulation, QIM) 방법을 사용하며, 워터마크 데이터를 다중으로 삽입하는 다중 워터마킹 방식을 사용한다. 워터마크를 추출할 때 다중 워터마크를 모두 추출하여 간단한 통계적 방법으로 최종 워터마크 데이터를 결정한다. 이 방법은 워터마크 삽입과정에서의 파라미터들을 실험적으로 결정하는 실험적 방법이다. 제안하는 방법은 다양한 공격에 대해 다양한 영상을 대상으로 실험을 수행하며, 기존의 대표적인 방법들과 그 성능을 비교하여 제안한 방법의 우수성을 보인다.

Keywords

References

  1. I. J. Cox, et al., Digital watermarking and steganigraphy, Morgan Kaufmann Publisher, 2008.
  2. Wlliam Stalling, Cryptography and network security, Prentice-Hall, 2011.
  3. N. M. Makbol and B. E. Khoo, "Robust blind image watermarking scheme based on redundant discrete wavelet transform and singular value decomposition," J. of Electronics and Communications, Vol. 67, No. 2, pp. 102-112, Feb. 2013.
  4. C. C. Lai and C. C. Tsai, "Digital image watermarking using discrete wavelet transform and singluar value decomposition," IEEE Trans. on Instrumentation and Measurement, Vol. 59, No. 11, pp. 3060-3063, Nov. 2010. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2010.2066770
  5. E. Ganic and A. M. Exkicioglu, "Robust embedding of visual watermarks using discrete wavelet transform and singular value decomposition," J. of Electronic Imaging, Vol. 14, No. 4, (043004), Dec. 2005. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.2137650
  6. S. Lagzian, M. Soryani, and M. Fathy, "Robust watermarking scheme based on RDWT-SVD: embedding data in all subbands," Artificial Intelligence and Signal Processing Symposium, pp. 48-52, June 2011.
  7. P. P. Thulasidharan and M. S. Nair, "QR code based blind digital image watermarking with attack detection code," J. of Electronics and Communications, Vol. 69, No. 7, pp. 1074-1084, Jul. 2015.
  8. R. Mehta, V. P. Vishwakarma and N. Rajpal, "Lagrangian support vector regression based image watermarking in wavelet domain," Signal Processing and Integrated Networks, pp.854-859, Feb. 2015.
  9. J. Maedeh, S. Shadrokh and K. Nader, "Robust image watermarking by multi resolution embedding in wavelet transform coefficients," ICEE 2015, pp. 478-482, May 2015.
  10. T. H. Nguyen, D. M. Duong and D. A. Duong, "Robust and high capacity watermarking for image based on DWT-SVD," IEEE Int'l Conf. on RIVF, pp. 83-88, Jan. 2015.
  11. J. George, S. Varma and M. Chatterjee, "Color image watermarking using DWT-SVD and Arnold transform," India Conference (INDICON), pp. 1-6, Dec. 2014.
  12. A. Roy, A. K. Maiti and K. Ghosh, "A perception based color image adaptive watermarking scheme in YcbCr space," SPIN, pp. 537-543, Feb. 2015.
  13. B. Liao and J. Lv, "A Novel watermark embedding scheme using compressive sensing in wavelet domain," The Open Cybernetics & Systemics Journal, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 1-6, Jun. 2015. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874110X01509010001
  14. H. T. Hu, Y. J. Chang and S. H. Chen, "A progressive QIM to cope with SVD-based blind image watermarking in DWT domain," IEEE China SIP, pp. 421-425, Jul. 2014.
  15. J. Ouyang, G. Coatrieux, B. Chen and H. Shu, "Color image watermarking based on quaternion Fourier transform and improved uniform log-polar mapping," Computers & Electrical Engineering, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2015.03.004.
  16. Y. Xueyi, et al. "A SIFT-based DWT-SVD blind watermark method against geometrical attacks," IEEE, Intl. Cong. CISP, pp. 323-329, Oct. 2014.
  17. R. M. Rao and A. S. Bopardikar, Wavelet transforms, Addison-Wesley, 1998.
  18. Y. S. Lee, Y. H. Seo, and D. W. Kim, "Robust and Blind Watermarking for DIBR Using a Depth Variation Map", JBE Vol. 21, No. 6, pp. 845-860, 2016 November.
  19. R. C. Gonzales and R. E. Woods, Digital image processing, Pearson Prentice-hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2008.
  20. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_feedback_shift_register
  21. http://vision.middlebury.edu/stereo/
  22. http://www.dofpro.com/cgigallery.htm
  23. http://www.wallpapervortex.com/animals-bear-wallpapers.html#.VbgqFvntlBc
  24. http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_ics/catalogue_detail_ics.htm?csnumber=27687