Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship (벤처창업연구)

The Korean Society of Business Venturing (한국벤처창업학회)
권호 표지

Effect of Entrepreneurial Competencies on Entrepreneurial Intention : IT Competency, Creativity Competency, Social Competency, Market Perception Competency

대학생의 창업역량과 창업의도의 관계: IT 역량, 창의성 역량, 사회적 역량, 시장인지 역량

  • Choi, Dae Soo (Joongbu University, Information & Communication) ;
  • Sung, Chang Soo (Dongguk University, Technology Entrepreneurship(Graduate School))
  • 최대수 (중부대학교 정보통신학과) ;
  • 성창수 (동국대학교 기술창업학과)
  • Received : 2016.11.16
  • Accepted : 2017.02.24
  • Published : 2017.02.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Needs for economic growth and employment creation has led to develop many policies for entrepreneurship in Korea, Which focused on entrepreneurial education. This study focuses on the relationship between entrepreneurial competencies and entrepreneurial intention. So we investigated the degree of competence and entrepreneurial intention in university students with a survey. The results are as follows: First, IT Planning Competencies (ITPC) influence self-efficacy & entrepreneurial intention. but IT Development Competencies (ITDC) do not influence directly on entrepreneurial intention. Second, Creativity Competencies (CC) and Market Perception Competencies (MPC) influence self-efficacy & entrepreneurial intention. but Social Competencies(SC) do not influence directly on entrepreneurial intention. Finally ITPC, CC, MPC affected entrepreneurial intention by mediating self-efficacy. As a result, It is important not to have IT Development Competencies but to hold IT Planning Competencies for the establishment of entrepreneurial intentions. IT Planning Competencies (ITPC) influence entrepreneurial attitude and intention. but IT Development Competencies (ITDC) do not influence directly on entrepreneurial intention. So, we need to develop good contents related to the IT Planning Capabilities, Creativity and Market Perception when organizing training programs in start-up course.

전 세계적으로 창업교육에 대한 관심이 고조됨에 따라 국내 대학에서도 각 대학별 특성을 반영한 창업교육 프로그램들이 개발되어 운영되고 있다. 이러한 활동의 논거는 창업교육을 통해 개인의 역량을 개선할 수 있고, 창업의도와 창업행동을 증진시킬 수 있다는 선행연구들의 결과이다. 본 연구의 목적은 창업과 관련된 개인적 역량이 창업의도에 미치는 영향을 확인하고, 이를 통하여 창업교육 프로그램의 개발 및 구성에 시사점을 도출하고자 한다. 이에 수도권 2개 대학의 학생들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여, 다음과 같은 결과가 도출되었다. 첫째, IT역량 중 기획역량은 창업의도에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 창의성 역량과, 시장인지 역량도 창업의도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었으며, IT역량 중 개발역량과, 사회적 역량은 유의미한 영향관계를 확인할 수 없었다. 본 연구 결과를 토대로 다음과 같은 시사점을 도출하였다. IT기획과 관련된 교육프로그램은 비단 IT를 활용한 기술기반의 창업교육 뿐만 아니라 일반적인 창업을 위한 프로그램에서도 유효하다는 것이다. 또한 창의성과 시장인지와 관련된 역량의 중요성을 재확인하고 이와 관련된 창업교육 콘텐츠의 지속적인 개발 필요성을 제언하였다.

Keywords

References

  1. Ajzen, I.(1991), The theory of planned behavior, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
  2. Bagozzi, P. P. & Yi, Y.(1988), On the Evaluation of Structural Equation Models, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74-94. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02723327
  3. Branch, B.(1974), Research and Development Activity and Profitability: A Distributed Lag Analysis, Journal of Political Economy 82(5), 999-1011. https://doi.org/10.1086/260252
  4. Bandura, A.(1977), Self-efficacy: Toward a Unifying Theory of Behavioral Change, Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191
  5. Baron, R. A. & Markman, G. D.(2003), Beyond social capital: the role of entrepreneurs' social competence in their financial success, Journal of Business Venturing, 18(1), 41-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(00)00069-0
  6. Baum, J. R., Loche, E. A. & Smith, K. G.(2001), A multidimensional model of venture growth, Academy of Management Journal, 44(2), 292-303. https://doi.org/10.2307/3069456
  7. Boyatzis, R. E.(1982), The Competent Manager: A Model for Effective Performance, New York: John Wiley & Sons.
  8. Chandler, G. N. & Jansen, E.(1992), The founder's self-assessed competence and venture performance, Journal of Business Venturing, 7(3), 223-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9026(92)90028-P
  9. Chrisman, J. J., Chua, J. H. & Sharma, P.(1998), Important attributes of successors in family businesses: An exploratory study, Family Business Review, 11(1), 19-34. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1998.00019.x
  10. Chung, D. Y., Yang, J. H. & Kim. C. K.(2013), Influence of Self-Efficacy and Entrepreneurial Participation on Entrepreneurial Intention: Focused on Chinese Students, Management Education Review, 28(5), 143-176.
  11. Cooper, A. C.(2013), Spin-offs and technical entrepreneurship, IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 18(1), 2-6.
  12. Day, G. S.(1994), The Capabilities of Market-Driven Organations, Journal of Marketing, 58(4), 37-52. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299405800404
  13. Goo, B. M., Kim, K. H. & Kim, J. K.(2010), Study on competency and competency model: Current state of competency model, Korean Journal of Human Resources Development, 13(1), 131-154.
  14. Ha, H. H. & Byun, C. G.(2014), The Effects of Creativity on Attitude towards Business Startup and Entrepreneurial Intent, Journal of the Korean Entrepreneurship Society, 9(4), 1-22.
  15. Human Resuorces Development Service of Korea(2015), National Competency Standards, Retrieved(2016.4.1.) from http://www.ncs.go.kr.
  16. Jeon, I. O.(2012), The Effect of technical competence according to commercialize the company's technology incubator support and management performance stage, Journal of The Korea Contents Association, 12(9), 325-339. https://doi.org/10.5392/JKCA.2012.12.09.325
  17. Joseph, D. D. & Park, J. H.(2015), Entrepreneurial Orientation and the Performance of Manufacturing SMEs in Nigeria, Journal of CEO and Management Studies, 18(4), 21-49.
  18. Joun, H. S. & Shim, S. O.(2014), An Analysis of Factors on College Students' IT Technology Startups will, Journal of Digital Convergence, 12(9), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.14400/JDC.2014.12.9.1
  19. Kim, H. C., Lim, A. R. & Kim, K. P.(2015), The Effect of Youth Entrepreneurs Competence on Entrepreneurial Performance, Korean Journal of Human Resources Development, 18(2), 27-58.
  20. Kim, K. S.(2005), A Study on the Effect of Venture Entrepreneurs' Competence in Their Business Performances, Doctoral dissertation, Konkuk University.
  21. Krueger, N.(1993), The impact of prior entrepreneurial exposure on perceptions of new venture feasibility, Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, 18(1), 5-21. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225879301800101
  22. Lee, I. S., Kim, O. S. & Rha, Y. A.(2013), A Study on the Effect of Young Entrepreneurs' Growth Factors on Entrepreneurial Capability and Entrepreneurial Intentions, The Korean Journal of Culinary Research, 19(4), 25-39.
  23. Lee, J. S. & Lee, S. M.(2015), The Relationship between Entrepreneurial Education and Entrepreneurial Intentions : Focusing on Moderating Effects of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Environmental Factors, Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 10(3), 61-74. https://doi.org/10.16972/apjbve.10.3.201506.61
  24. Lee, W. J. & Hwangbo, Y.(2015), The Chronology of Korea Entrepreneurship Education: The feature analysis and future development of entrepreneurship education, Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 10(3), 171-183. https://doi.org/10.16972/apjbve.10.3.201506.171
  25. Lim, A. R., Kim, H. C. & Kim, K. P(2015), The Effect of Youth Entrepreneurs' Competence on Entrepreneurial Behavior and Entrepreneurial Performance, Korean Management Consulting Review, 15(3), 143-154.
  26. Linan, F. & Chen, Y.(2009), Development and Cross-Cultural Application of a Specific Instrument to Measure Entrepreneurial Intentions, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(3), 593-617. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009.00318.x
  27. Ngugi, J. K., Gakure, R. W., Waithaka, S. M. & Kiwara, A. N.(2012), Application of Shapero's Model In Explaining Entrepreneurial Intentions Among University Students In Kenya, International Journal of Business and Social Research, 2(4), 125-148.
  28. Nunnally, J. C.(1978), Psychometric theory, New York: McGraw-Hill.
  29. Oh, J. W. & Yang D. W.(2014), The Empirical Study on the Relationship Between Mentoring Functions and Young generation Start-up Competence, Asia Pacific Journal of Venture and Entrepreneurship, 9(5), 115-127.
  30. Schumpeter, J. A.(1934), (trans. R. Opie) The Theory of Economic Development, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  31. Shane, S. & Venkataraman, S.(2000), The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research, Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 217-226. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2000.2791611
  32. Shapero, A. & Sokol, L.(1982), The social dimensions of entrepreneurship. The Encyclopedia of entrepreneurship, 72-90.
  33. Spencer, L. M. & Spencer, S. M.(1993), Competency at Work: Models for superior Performance, New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  34. Timmons, J. A.(1994), New Venture Creation: Entrepreneurship for the 21st Century, Boston: Irwin/McGraw-Hill.
  35. Wilson, F., Kickul, J. & Marlino, D.(2007), Gender, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial career intentions: Implications for entrepreneurship education, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 31(3), 387-406. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2007.00179.x
  36. Wiklund, J. & Shepherd, D.(2005), Entrepreneurial orientation and small business performance: a configurational approach, Journal of Business Venturing, 20(1), 71-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2004.01.001
  37. Yang, J. H.(2014), Effect of Entrepreneurial Education on Entrepreneurial Intention of University Students : Focused on mediating effect of self-efficacy and Entrepreneurial motivation, Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 9(6), 65-77.
  38. Yang, S. H., Kim, M. S. & Jung, H. Y.(2011), The Effects of Entrepreneur's Competence and Technology Commercialization Capabilities on Business Performance of Technology-based Start-ups, Asia Pacific Journal of Venture and Entrepreneurship, 6(4), 195-213. https://doi.org/10.16972/apjbve.6.4.201112.195