DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of Skin Lipid Barrier Formation on Hataedock Treatment with Douchi

  • Kim, Hee-Yeon (Department of Korean Pediatrics, Korean Medicine Hospital, Pusan National University) ;
  • Ahn, Sang-hyun (Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Semyung University) ;
  • Yang, Injun (Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University) ;
  • Kim, Kibong (Department of Korean Pediatrics, Korean Medicine Hospital, Pusan National University)
  • Received : 2017.05.26
  • Accepted : 2017.06.21
  • Published : 2017.06.30

Abstract

Objectives: Hataedock is indigenous treatment of Korean medicine that administers herbal extracts orally to newborn infants for remove the fetal heat. The purpose of this study was to evaluate skin lipid barrier formation effect of Hataedock treatment with Douchi. Methods: We measured the Western blot to observe the expression of protein such as involucrin and loricrin. Moreover, we observed immunohistochemical changes in NC/Nga mice. The 3-week-old NC/Nga mice were divided into 3 groups: the 3-week-old control group (3w-Ctrl), 5-week-old control group (5w-Ctrl), and the Hataedock-treated group (5w-FGT). Only the 5w-FGT group was treated with Douchi at the 3rd week. We identified the changes of the lipid skin barrier and protein differentiation through immunohistochemical changes of involucrin, loricrin, filaggrin and acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) in the stratum corneum. Results: The expression of involucrin and loricrin was increased in the Western blot that was treated with concentration of Douchi extracts. In 5w-FGT group, loricrin-positive reaction was increased by 54.0%, involucrin-positive reaction was increased by 84.0%, filaggrin-positive reaction was increased by 108.0% and ASM-positive reaction was increased by 91.0% in the stratum corneum. Conclusions: These results suggest that Hataedock treatment with Douchi promoted skin lipid barrier formation by promoting differentiation of keratinocytes.

Keywords

References

  1. Kim YJ, Ahn JY, Seo SJ, Hong CK. The effect of retinoic acid on expression of human beta defensin-2 and LL-37 in keratinocyte. J Korean Invest Dermatol. 2007;14:29-35.
  2. Kwon MS, Choi TB, Kim GY. The Effect on the Skin Barrier Function of Ceramide. Kor J Aesthet Cosmetol. 2005;3(1):131-7.
  3. Yoon YM, Yoon JY, Lim KM, Hahn HJ, Kim YR, Ahn KJ, et al. Effects of the complex containing Centella asiatica-and folic acid-fermented extracts, acetyl glutamine, and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate on the inhibition of senescence and elanogenesis, promotion of collagen expression, cellular regeneration, and keratinocyte differentiation, and anti-inflammation. Kor J Aesthet Cosmetol. 2013;11:675-84.
  4. Steinert PM, Marekov LN. The proteins elafin, filaggrin, keratin intermediate filaments, loricrin, and small proline-rich proteins 1 and 2 are isodipeptide cross-linked components of the human epidermal cornified cell envelope. J Biol Chem. 1995;270:17702-11. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.270.30.17702
  5. Steven AC, Steinert PM. Protein composition of cornified cell envelopes of epidermal keratinocytes. J Cell Sci. 1994;107(2):693-700.
  6. Elias PM, Menon GK. Structural and lipid biochemical correlates of the epidermal permeability barrier. Adv Lipid Res. 1991;24:1-26.
  7. Steinert PM, Cantieri JS, Teller DC, Lonsdale-Eccles JD, Dale BA. Characterization of a class of cationic proteins that specifically interact with intermediate filaments. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1981;78:4097-101. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.78.7.4097
  8. Cornelissen C, Marquardt Y, Czaja K, Wenzel J, Frank J, Luscher-Firzlaff J, et al. IL-31 regulates differentiation and filaggrin expression in human organotypic skin models. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;129:426-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2011.10.042
  9. Irvine AD, McLean WH. Breaking the (un)sound barrier: filaggrin is a major gene for atopic dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol. 2006;126:1200-02. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jid.5700365
  10. Palmer CN, Irvine AD, Terron-Kwiatkowski A, Zhao Y, Liao H, Lee SP, et al. Common loss-of-function variants of the epidermal barrier protein filaggrin are a major predisposing factor for atopic dermatitis. Nat Genet. 2006;38:441-6. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1767
  11. O'Regan GM, Irvine AD. The role of filaggrin in the atopic diathesis. Clin Exp Allergy. 2010;40:965-72. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2010.03522.x
  12. Barnes KC. An update on the genetics of atopic dermatitis: scratching the surface in 2009. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010;125(1):16-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2009.11.008
  13. Kim BB, Kim JR, Kim JH, Kim YA, Park JS, Yeom MH, et al. 7, 3', 4'-Trihydroxyisoflavone ameliorates the development of Dermatophagoides farinae-induced Atopic Dermatitis in NC/Nga Mice. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:636597.
  14. Kang MY, Jang GT, Kim JH. A study on fetal toxicosis removal therapy. J Pediatr Korean Med. 2003;17(1):9-51.
  15. Heo J. DongUiBoGam. 2nd ed. Seoul:NamSanDang. 2004.
  16. Miller AK, Benson JM, Muanza DN, Smith JR, Shepherd DM. Anti-inflammatory effects of natural product formulations on murine dendritic cells. J Diet Suppl. 2011;8(1):19-33. https://doi.org/10.3109/19390211.2010.542233
  17. Yeh CY, Jung CJ, Huang CN, Huang YC, Lien HT, Wang WB, et al. A legume product fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae modulates cutaneous atopic dermatitis-like inflammation in mice. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014;14:194-201. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-14-194
  18. Song JH, Ahn SH, Chen JH, Park SY, Kim HH, Kim KB. Effects of Hataedock with Douchi on 2, 4-dinitrofluorobenzene-induced Atopic Dermatitis-like Skin Lesion in NC/Nga Mice. J Physiol & Pathol Korean Med. 2016;30(2):109-15. https://doi.org/10.15188/kjopp.2016.04.30.2.109
  19. Forslin B. A domain mosaic model of the skin barrier. Acta Derrn Venereol. 1994;74(1):1-6.
  20. Mohsenzadeh M. Evaluation of antibacterial activity of selected Iranian essential oils against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in nutrient broth medium. Pak J Biol Sci. 2007; 10(20):3693-97. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2007.3693.3697
  21. Rasul A, Akhtar N, Khan BA, Mahmood T, Uz ZS, Khan HM. Formulation development of a cream containing fennel extract: in vivo evaluation for anti-aging effects. Pharmazie. 2012;67(1);54-8.
  22. Yu HY, Yang IJ, Lincha VR, Park IS, Lee DU, Shin HM. The Effects of the Fruits of Foeniculum vulgare on Skin Barrier Function and Hyaluronic Acid Production in HaCaT Keratinocytes. J Life Sci. 2015;25(8):880-8. https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2015.25.8.880
  23. Steinert PM, Marekov LN. The proteins elafin, filaggrin, keratin intermediate filaments, loricrin, and small proline-rich proteins 1 and 2 are isodipeptide cross-linked components of the human epidermal cornified cell envelope. J Biol Chem. 1995;270(30):17702-11. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.270.30.17702
  24. Kwon YB, Choi DK, Sohn KC, Jeon EK, Nam MS, Lee JH, et al. Effects of Colostrum on Keratinocyte Differentiation and Wound Healing, Kor J Invest Dermatol. 2007;14(2):45-50.
  25. Imokawa G, Abe A, Jin K, Higaki Y, Kawashima M, Hidano A. Decreased level of ceramides in stratum corneum of atopic dermatitis: An etiologic factor in atopic dry skin? Kor J Invest Dermatol. 1991;96(4):523-6. https://doi.org/10.1111/1523-1747.ep12470233
  26. Choi MJ, Maibach HI. Role of ceramides in barrier function of healthy and diseased skin. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2005;6:215-23. https://doi.org/10.2165/00128071-200506040-00002
  27. Hara J, Higuchi K, Okamoto R, Kawashima M, Imokawa G. High-expression of sphingomyelin deacylase is an important determinant of ceramide deficiency leading to barrier disruption in atopic dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol. 2000; 115:406-13. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1747.2000.00072.x
  28. Murata Y, Ogata J, Higaki Y, Kawashima M, Yada Y, Higuchi K, et al. Abnormal expression of sphingomyelin acylase in atopic dermatitis: an etiologic factor for ceramide deficiency?. J Invest Dermatol. 1996;106:1242-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/1523-1747.ep12348937
  29. Proksch E, Brandner JM, Jensen JM. The skin: an indispensable barrier. Exp Dermatol. 2008; 17:1063-72. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0625.2008.00786.x
  30. Fluhr JW, Kao J, Jain M, Ahn SK, Feingold KR, Elias PM. Generation of free fatty acids from phospholipids regulates stratum corneum acidification and integrity. J Invest Dermatol. 2001;117:44-51. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0022-202x.2001.01399.x
  31. Hachem JP, Crumrine D, Fluhr J, Brown BE, Feingold KR, Elias PM. Ph directly regulates epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis, and stratum corneum integrity/cohesion. J Invest Dermatol. 2003;121:345-53. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12365.x
  32. Proksch E, Brandner JM, Jensen JM. The skin: an indispensable barrier. Exp Dermatol. 2008; 17:1063-72. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0625.2008.00786.x
  33. Baroni A, Buommino E, De Gregorio V, Ruocco E, Ruocco V, Wolf R. Structure and function of the epidermis related to barrier properties. Clin Dermatol. 2012;30:257-362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2011.08.007
  34. Hachem JP, Man MQ, Crumrine D, Uchida Y, Brown BE, Rogiers V, et al. Sustained serine proteases activity by prolonged increase in pH leads to degradation of lipid processing enzymes and profound alterations of barrier function and stratum corneum integrity. J Invest Dermatol. 2005;125:510-20. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-202X.2005.23838.x
  35. Schmid-Wendtner MH, Korting HC. The pH of the skin surface and its impact on the barrier function. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2006;19:296-302. https://doi.org/10.1159/000094670
  36. Rippke F, Schreiner V, Doering T, Maibach HI. Stratum corneum pH in atopic dermatitis: impact on skin barrier function and colonization with Staphylococcus Aureus. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2004;5:217-23. https://doi.org/10.2165/00128071-200405040-00002
  37. Elias PM, Ghadially R. The aged epidermal permeability barrier: basis for functional abnormalities. Clin Geriatr Med. 2002;18:103-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-0690(03)00037-5
  38. Steinert PM, Marekov LN. Direct evidence that involucrin is a major early isopeptide cross - linked component of the keratinocyte cornified cell envelope. J BiolChem. 1997;272:2021-30.
  39. Kim BE, Donald YML, Mark B, Michael DH. Loricrin and involucrin expression is down-regulated by Th2 cytokines through STAT-6. Clin Immunol. 2008;126:332-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2007.11.006
  40. Palmer CN, Irvine AD, Terron-Kwiatkowski A, Zhao Y, Liao H, Lee SP, et al. Common loss-of-function variants ofthe epidermal barrier protein filaggrin are amajor predisposing factor for atopic dermati-tis. Nat Genet. 2006;38:441-6. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1767
  41. Smith FJ, Irvine AD, Terron-Kwiatkowski A, Sandilands A, Campbell LE, Zhao Y, et al. Loss of function mutations in the geneencoding filaggrin cause ichthyosis vulgaris. Nat Genet. 2006;38:337-42. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1743
  42. O'Regan GM, Irvine AD. The role of filaggrin in the atopic diathesis. Clin Exp Allergy. 2010;40:965-72. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2010.03522.x
  43. Pullmannovaa P, Stankova K, Pospisilova M, Skolova B, Zbytovska J, Vavrova K. Effects of sphingomyelin/ceramide ratio on the permeability and microstructure of model stratum corneum lipid membranes. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr. 2014;1838(8):2115-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.05.001
  44. Jensen JM, Folster-Holst R, Baranowsky A, Schunck M, WinotoMorbach S, et al. Impaired sphigomyelinase activity and epidermal differentiation in atopic dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol. 2004;122:1423-31. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22621.x
  45. Elias PM, Schmuth M. Abnormal skin barrier in the etiopathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009;9:437-46. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACI.0b013e32832e7d36
  46. Elias PM, Steinhoff M. "Outside-to-Inside" (and Now Back to "Outside") Pathogenic Mechanisms in Atopic Dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol. 2008; 128(5):1067-70. https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.2008.88
  47. Hatano Y, Ter2ashi H, Arakawa S, Katagiri K. Interleukin-4 suppresses the enhancement of ceramide synthesis and cutaneous permeability barrier functions induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma in human epidermis. J Invest Dermatol. 2005;124:786-92. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-202X.2005.23651.x
  48. Kim BE, Leung DY, Boguniewicz M, Howell MD. Loricrin and involucrin expression is down -regulated by Th2 cytokines through STAT-6. Clin Immunol. 2008;126:332-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2007.11.006
  49. Albanesi C, Fairchild HR, Madonna S, Scarponi C, De Pita O, Leung DY, et al. IL-4 and IL-13 negatively regulate TNF-alpha- and IFN-gamma induced beta-defensin expression through STAT-6, suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-1, and SOCS-3. J Immunol. 2007;179:984-92. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.179.2.984
  50. Jung AR, Ahn SH, Park IS, Park SY, Jeong SI, Cheon JH, et al. Douchi (fermented Glycine max Merr.) alleviates atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice by regulation of PKC and IL-4. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2016;16(416)
  51. Fujita H, Yamagami T. Absence of mutagenicity, genotoxicity, and subchronic oral toxicity of Touchi extract. Int J Toxicol. 2007;26(5):465-73. https://doi.org/10.1080/10915810701620374

Cited by

  1. Efficacy of Hataedock Treatments for Maintenance and Formation of Lipid Barrier in Obese NC/Nga Mice with Dermatophagoides Farinae-Induced Atopic Dermatitis vol.39, pp.4, 2017, https://doi.org/10.13048/jkm.18036
  2. Effect of Hataedock Treatment on Epidermal Structure Maintenance through Intervention in the Endocannabinoid System vol.2020, pp.None, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3605153
  3. Genistein의 Endocannabinoid system (ECS) 활성 유도를 통한 피부염 손상 회복 효과 vol.34, pp.1, 2020, https://doi.org/10.7778/jpkm.2020.34.1.37