Geomechanics and Engineering

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Modeling of shallow landslides in an unsaturated soil slope using a coupled model

  • Kim, Yongmin (School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University) ;
  • Jeong, Sangseom (School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University)
  • Received : 2016.07.07
  • Accepted : 2017.03.14
  • Published : 2017.08.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This paper presents a case study and numerical investigation to study the hydro-mechanical response of a shallow landslide in unsaturated slopes subjected to rainfall infiltration using a coupled model. The coupled model was interpreted in details by expressing the balance equations for soil mixture and the coupled constitutive equations. The coupled model was verified against experimental data from the shearing-infiltration triaxial tests. A real case of shallow landslide occurred on Mt. Umyeonsan, Seoul, Korea was employed to explore the influence of rainfall infiltration on the slope stability during heavy rainfall. Numerical results showed that the coupled model accurately predicted the poromechanical behavior of a rainfall-induced landslide by simultaneously linking seepage and stress-strain problems. It was also found that the coupled model properly described progress failure of a slope in a highly transient condition. Through the comparisons between the coupled and uncoupled models, the coupled model provided more realistic analysis results under rainfall. Consequently, the coupled model was found to be feasible for the stability and seepage analysis of practical engineering problems.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : Natural Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)

References

  1. Alonso, E.E., Gens, A. and Josa, A. (1990), "A constitutive model for partially saturated soils", Geotechnique, 40(3), 405-430. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1990.40.3.405
  2. Bishop, A.W. (1954), "The use of pore-pressure coefficients in practice", Geotechnique, 4(4), 148-152. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1954.4.4.148
  3. Borja, R.I. (2004), "Cam-clay plasticity. Part V: A mathematical framework for three-phase deformation and strain localization analyses of partially saturated porous media", Comput. Method. Appl. Mech. Eng., 193(48-51), 5301-5338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2003.12.067
  4. Borja, R.I., Liu, X. and White, J.A. (2012a), "Multiphysics hillslope processes triggering landsldies", Acta Geotechnica, 7(4), 261-269. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-012-0175-6
  5. Borja, R.I., White, J.A., Liu, X. and Wu, W. (2012b), "Factor of safety in a partially saturated slope inferred from hydro-mechanical continuum modeling", Int. J. Numer. Anal. Method. Geomech., 36(2), 236-248. https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.1021
  6. Bowel, J.E. (1997), Foundation Analysis and Design, (5th Edition), McGraw-Hill, Singapore.
  7. Chen, R.H., Kuo, K.J. and Chien, W.N. (2012), "Failure mechanism of granular soil slopes under high intensity rainfalls", J. GeoEng., 7(1), 21-31.
  8. Chen, H., Zhao, Z. and Sun, J. (2013), "Coupled hydro-mechanical model for fractured rock masses using the discontinuous deformation analysis", Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol., 38, 506-516. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2013.08.006
  9. Cho, S.E. and Lee, S.R. (2001), "Instability of unsaturated soil slopes due to infiltration", Comput. Geotech., 28(3), 185-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-352X(00)00027-6
  10. Coussy, O. (2011), Mechanics and Physics of Porous Solids, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, NY, USA.
  11. Cui, Y.J. and Delage, P. (1996), "Yielding and plastic behaviour of an unsaturated compacted silt", Geotechnique, 46(2), 291-311. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1996.46.2.291
  12. Fredlund, D.G. and Rahardjo, H. (1993), Soil Mechanics for Unsaturated Soils, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, NY, USA.
  13. GeoSlope International Ltd. (2012), Seep/W User's Guide for Finite Element Seepage Analysis, GEOSLOPE Int. Ltd., Calgary, Alta, Canada.
  14. Gray, G.W. and Schrefler, B.A. (2007), "Analysis of the solid phase stress tensor in multiphase porous media", Int. J. Numer. Anal. Method. Geomech., 31(4), 541-581. https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.541
  15. Griffiths, D. and Lu, N. (2005), "Unsaturated slope stability analysis with steady infiltration or evaporation using elasto-plastic finite elements", Int. J. Numer. Anal. Method. Geomech., 29(3), 249-267. https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.413
  16. Han, K.K. (1997), "Effect of hysteresis, infiltration and tensile stress on the shear strength of an unsaturated soil", Ph.D. Thesis; Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
  17. Huang, C.C. and Lo, C.L. (2013), "Simulation of subsurface flows associated with rainfall-induced shallow slope failures", J. GeoEng., 8(3), 101-111.
  18. Hughes, T.J.R. (1987), The Finite Element Method, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA.
  19. Iverson, R.M. (2000), "Landslide triggering by rain infiltration", Water Resour. Res., 36(7), 1897-1910. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000WR900090
  20. Jeong, S., Kim, J. and Lee, K. (2008), "Effect of clay content on well-graded sands due to infiltration", Eng. Geol., 102(1), 74-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2008.08.002
  21. Jeong, S., Kim, Y., Lee, J.K. and Kim, J. (2015), "The 27 July 2011 debris flows at Umyeonsan, Seoul, Korea", Landslides, 12(4), 799-813. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-015-0595-0
  22. Kassim, A., Gofar, N., Lee, L.M. and Rahardjo, H. (2012), "Modeling of suction distributions in an unsaturated heterogeneous residual soil slope", Eng. Geol., 131-132, 70-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2012.02.005
  23. Khalili, N. and Valliappan, S. (1996), "Unified theory of flow and deformation in double porous media", Eur. J. Mech-A/Solids, 15(2), 321-336.
  24. Khalili, N., Geiser, F. and Blight, G. (2004), "Effective stress in unsaturated soils: review with new evidence", Int. J. Geomech., 4(2), 115-126. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1532-3641(2004)4:2(115)
  25. Kim, J., Jeong, S., Park, S. and Sharma, J. (2004), "Influence of rainfall-induced wetting on the stability of slopes in weathered soils", Eng. Geol., 75(3), 251-262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2004.06.017
  26. Kim, J., Jeong, S. and Regueiro, R.A. (2012), "Instability of partially saturated soil slopes due to alteration of rainfall pattern", Eng. Geol., 147, 28-36.
  27. Kim, Y., Jeong, S. and Kim, J. (2016), "Coupled infiltration model of unsaturated porous media for steady rainfall", Soils Found., 56(6), 1071-1081. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2016.11.010
  28. Kohgo, Y., Nakano, M. and Miyazaki, T. (1993), "Verification of the generalized elastoplastic model for unsaturated soil", Soils Found., 33(4), 64-73. https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf1972.33.4_64
  29. Korean Geotechnical Society (2011), Research contact report: addition and complement causes survey of Mt. Umyeonsan landslide; Korean Geotechnical Society, Seoul, Korea. [In Korean]
  30. Laloui, L., Ferrari, A. and Eichenberger, J, (2010), "Effect of climate change on landslide behavior", Geo-Strata September/October, 36-41.
  31. Loret, B. and Khalili, N. (2002), "An effective stress elastic-plastic model for unsaturated porous media", Mech. Mater., 34(2), 97-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6636(01)00092-8
  32. Lu, N. and Likos, W.J. (2004), Unsaturated Soil Mechanics, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, NY, USA.
  33. Lu, N., Godt, J.W. and Wu, D.T. (2010), "A closed-form equation for effective stress in unsaturated soil", Water Resour. Res., 46(5), W05515. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009WR008646
  34. Matsushi, Y., Hattanji, T. and Matsukura, Y. (2006), "Mechanisms of shallow landslides on soil-mantled hillslopes with permeable and impermeable bedrocks in the Boso Peninsula, Japan", Geomorphology, 76(1), 92-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2005.10.003
  35. Meilani, I. (2004), "Shear strength characteristics of a compacted kaolin under infiltration conditions", Ph. D. Thesis; Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
  36. Muller, J.R. and Martel, S.J. (2000), "Numerical models of translational landslide rupture surface growth", Pure Appl. Geophys., 157(6-8), 1009-1038. https://doi.org/10.1007/s000240050015
  37. Nuth, M. and Laloui, L. (2008), "Effective stress concept in unsaturated soils: clarification and validation of a unified framework", Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech., 32(7), 771-801. https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.645
  38. Pande, G.N. and Pietruszczak, S. (2015), "On unsaturated soil mechanics-Personal views on current research", Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica, 37(3), 73-84. https://doi.org/10.1515/sgem-2015-0035
  39. Pham, H.Q. and Fredlund, D.G. (2004), "New apparatus for the measurement of the soil-water characteristic curves", Proceeding of the 57th Canadian Geotechnical Conference, Quebec, QC, Canada.
  40. Rahardjo, H., Meilani, I. and Leong, E.C. (2009), "Shear strength characteristics of a compacted soil under infiltration conditions", Geomech. Eng., Int. J., 1(1), 35-52. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2009.1.1.035
  41. Rahardjo, H., Satyanaga, A. and Leong, E.C. (2013), "Effects of flux boundary conditions on pore-water pressure distribution in slope", Eng. Geol., 165, 133-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2012.03.017
  42. Sheng, D., Gens, A., Fredlund, D.G. and Sloan, S.W. (2008), "Unsaturated soils: From constitutive modelling to numerical algorithms", Comput. Geotech., 35(6), 810-824. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2008.08.011
  43. Song, C.R. and Yosef, T. (2015), "Seepage-heat coupled analysis for estimating phreatic line of an earth dam from temperature profile", SAGEEP, Extended paper, Austin, TX, USA.
  44. Sorbino, G. and Nicotera, M.V. (2013), "Unsaturated soil mechanics in rainfall-induced flow landslides", Eng. Geol., 165, 105-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2012.10.008
  45. Terzaghi, K. (1925), "Principles of soil mechanics, IV-Settlement and consolidation of clay", Eng. News-Record, 95(3), 874-878.
  46. van Genuchten, M.T. (1980), "A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils", Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 44(5), 892-898. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1980.03615995004400050002x
  47. Voyiadjis, G.Z. and Song, C.R. (2006), Coupled Theory of Mixtures in Geomechanics with Application, Springer, 438 p.
  48. Yasuhara, K., Komine, H., Murakami, S., Chen, G., Mitani, Y. and Duc, D.M. (2012), "Effects of climate change on geo-disasters in coastal zones and their adaptation", Geotext. Geomembr., 30, 24-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2011.01.005
  49. Zhang, F. and Ikariya, T. (2011), "A new model for unsaturated soil using skeleton and degree of saturation as state variables", Soil Found., 51(1), 67-81. https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf.51.67
  50. Zhang, L.L., Zhang, L. and Tang, W.H. (2005), "Rainfall-induced slope failure considering variability of soil properties", Geotechnique, 55(2), 183-188. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.2005.55.2.183
  51. Zhang, F., Xiong, Y., Zhang, S. and Ye, B. (2014), "Thermo-hydro-mechanical-air coupling finite element method and its application to multi-phase problems", J. Rock Mech. Geotech. Eng., 6(2), 77-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2014.01.010
  52. Zhou, A.N., Sheng, D.C., Sloan, S.W. and Gens, A. (2012), "Interpretation of unsaturated soil behaviour in the stress-saturation space, II: Cnstitutive relationships and validations", Comput. Geotech., 43, 111-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2012.02.009

Cited by

  1. Fuzzy-based multiple decision method for landslide susceptibility and hazard assessment: A case study of Tabriz, Iran vol.24, pp.5, 2017, https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2021.24.5.407
  2. Water retention behaviour of tailings in unsaturated conditions vol.26, pp.2, 2017, https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2021.26.2.117