Nutrition Research and Practice

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
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Anti-inflammatory effects of Nelumbo leaf extracts and identification of their metabolites

  • Park, Eunkyo (Department of Home Economics Education, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Kim, Gyoung Deuck (Department of Food Science & Technology, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Go, Min-Sun (Department of Home Economics Education, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Kwon, Dodan (Department of Food Science & Technology, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Jung, In-Kyung (Department of Physical Education, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Auh, Joong Hyuck (Department of Food Science & Technology, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Kim, Jung-Hyun (Department of Home Economics Education, Chung-Ang University)
  • Received : 2017.04.17
  • Accepted : 2017.06.15
  • Published : 2017.08.01
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Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Nelumbo leaves have been used in traditional medicine to treat bleeding, gastritis, hemorrhoids, and halitosis. However, their mechanisms have not been elucidated. MATERIALS/METHODS: The present study prepared two Nelumbo leaf extracts (NLEs) using water or 50% ethanol. Inflammatory response was induced with LPS treatment, and expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, and IL-6 and nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) productions were assessed. To determine the anti-inflammatory mechanism of NLEs, we measured nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ (NF-${\kappa}B$) activity. Major metabolites of NLEs were also analyzed and quantified. RESULTS: NLEs effectively reduced the expression and productions of pro-inflammatory mediators such as IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, $PGE_2$, and NO. NLEs also reduced NF-${\kappa}B$ activity by inhibiting inhibitor of NF-${\kappa}B$ phosphorylation. Both extracts contained catechin and quercetin, bioactive compounds of NLEs. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we showed that NLEs could be used to inhibit NF-${\kappa}B$-mediated inflammatory responses. In addition, our data support the idea that NLEs can ameliorate disease conditions involving chronic inflammation.

Keywords

References

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