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Characteristics of Surface Deterioration and Materials for Stone Guardian and Stone Memorial Tablets from Muryeong Royal Tomb of Baekje Kingdom in Ancient Korea

백제 무령왕릉 석수와 지석의 재질 및 표면손상 특성

  • Park, Jun Hyoung (Department of Cultural Heritage Conservation Sciences, Kongju National University) ;
  • Lee, Chan Hee (Department of Cultural Heritage Conservation Sciences, Kongju National University) ;
  • Choi, Gi Eun (Gongju National Museum)
  • 박준형 (공주대학교 문화재보존과학과) ;
  • 이찬희 (공주대학교 문화재보존과학과) ;
  • 최기은 (국립공주박물관)
  • Received : 2017.07.14
  • Accepted : 2017.08.03
  • Published : 2017.08.20

Abstract

The Stone Guardian and Memorial Tablets from the Muryeong Royal Tomb are composed of the same kind of plutonic igneous rocks, the so-called hornblendite. Color of the rocks show greenish gray, and both of them occurred with medium-grained granular texture. The rock-forming minerals composed mainly of amphibole and plagioclase. Magnetic susceptibility of the Stone Guardian is 0.15 to 0.63 (mean $0.42{\times}10^{-3}SI\;unit$), the King's Stone Memorial Tablet is 0.11 to 0.38 (mean $0.24{\times}10^{-3}SI\;unit$) and the Queen's Stone Memorial Tablet ranges from 0.10 to 0.33 (mean $0.18{\times}10^{-3}SI\;unit$). The rocks of the artifacts are hard to find in the Gongju area. Large scaled out crop of hornblendite is not distributed, but found in many places that the form of dike. The lithology and occurrences indicate that the artifacts are made of plutonic rock rather than dike. Reddish brown and pale brown contaminants, are also distributed on the surface of the Stone Guardian and Memorial Tablets. The reddish brown color is due to Fe oxide, and the pale brown color occurs due to the elution of Ca. The reddish brown contaminants are influenced by the internal components of the rock and oxidation of burial iron accessories. In contrast, the pale brown contaminants are considered to have flown from the carbonate materials used in the Royal Tomb, with a little added Fe oxide. Physical and chemical deterioration operate intricately in the Stone Guardian and Memorial Tablets. Physical deterioration is extremely rare and chemical deterioration is stable except for a part of the Stone Guardian and the front of the Queen Stone Memorial Tablet.

무령왕릉 석수와 지석은 같은 암종으로 심성화성암에 속하는 각섬석암(hornblendite)이다. 이 암석은 녹회색에 중립의 등립질 입상조직을 보이며, 주요 조암광물은 각섬석과 사장석이다. 석수의 전암대자율은 0.15~0.63(평균 $0.42{\times}10^{-3}SI\;unit$), 왕의 지석은 0.11~0.38(평균 $0.24{\times}10^{-3}SI\;unit$), 왕비의 지석은 0.10~0.33(평균 $0.18{\times}10^{-3}SI\;unit$)으로 거의 동일한 낮은 값을 보였다. 이 암석은 공주 부근에서 대규모 산출지를 찾기가 어려우나 암맥상으로 여러 곳에서 확인된다. 그러나 산출상태와 암상으로 보아 석수와 지석의 암석은 맥암과는 달리 심성암의 특징을 보인다. 석수와 지석의 표면에 분포하는 적갈색 및 담갈색 오염물의 분석 결과, 적갈색 오염물은 Fe에 의한 산화물로, 담갈색 오염물은 Ca의 용출에 의한 것으로 나타났다. 적갈색 오염물은 암석 내부 기원과 철제 부장품의 산화가 모두 작용하였으며, 담갈색 오염물은 왕릉에 사용된 석회질에서 유입되어 약간의 철산화물이 더해진 것으로 판단된다. 석수와 지석은 균열, 탈락과 같은 물리적 요인과 화학적 오염이 복합적으로 작용하여 손상이 진행되었다. 그러나 모두 물리적 손상은 극히 적으며, 석수 일부분과 왕비 지석 앞면을 제외하고는 화학적 풍화에도 안정한 상태이다.

Keywords

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