Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety (해양환경안전학회지)

The Korean Society of Marine Environment and safety (해양환경안전학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Study on Factors that Trigger Human Errors Related to Causes of Ship Collisions

선박충돌사고 원인과 관련된 인적과실 유발요인에 관한 연구

  • Kim, Dae-Sik (Graduate school of Mokpo National Maritime University)
  • 김대식 (목포해양대학교 대학원)
  • Received : 2017.11.02
  • Accepted : 2017.12.28
  • Published : 2017.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to contribute to the prevention of ship collisions by investigating real ship collision cases and statistically analyzing causes of human error for captains and Officers of the Watch (OOW). This study encompassed a total of 109 cases for 218 vessels, which were suitable for the analysis of ship accidents between merchant ships or merchant ships and fishing boats over the 7 years from 2010 to 2016. Data was collected while classifying vessels according to type, Give-way and Stand-on vessels, along with the cause of human error. Factors causing human error were identified after focusing on the cause of each collision given by the OOW ; frequency and cross tabulation analyses were conducted using SPSS, a statistical analysis tool. As a result, the main causes of human error by an OOW in a ship collision situation were that lookout was neglected in a Give-way vessel including radar surveillance (74.3 %) or continuous observation of an opponent vessel was carried out (17.4 %). A major factor for Stand-on vessels was failure to act to avoid collision with another vessel (63.3 %). In particular, most neglect for lookout type merchant ships occurred after the opponent ship was first observed, and a common cause of lookout neglect and neglect of duty was a focus on other tasks during navigational watch time.

본 연구의 목적은 실제 선박 충돌사고 사례를 조사하여 선박 충돌상황에서 충돌 원인별 선장 및 당직 해기사의 인적과실 유발요인을 통계적으로 분석하여 규명함으로써 해기사의 선박 충돌예방에 기여하고자 하는 것이다. 연구대상은 2010년부터 2016년까지 7년 동안의 상선과 상선, 상선과 어선 간의 선박 충돌사고 중 분석기준에 적합한 총 109건 218척(피항선109척, 유지선 109척)을 대상으로 하였으며 선종, 피항선과 유지선, 인적과실 측면의 충돌원인 등의 항목으로 구분하여 데이터를 수집하였고 상선에서 해기사의 충돌사고 유발 요인 규명에 중점을 두고 통계분석 도구인 SPSS를 이용하여 빈도분석과 교차분석을 실시하여 해기사의 인적과실 유발요인을 도출하였다. 분석결과 피항선에서는 레이다 감시를 포함한 경계소홀(74.3 %) 및 상대선 지속관찰 소홀(17.4 %) 순 이었으며, 유지선에서는 적절한 피항 협력동작 미 이행(63.3 %)이 주요 요인이었다. 특히 상선의 경계소홀 유형 대부분이 상대선 초인 후 지속관찰을 소홀히 한 점이며 미 경계 원인과 당직근무 태만의 공통요인은 항해당직 시간에 다른 업무에 치중하였기 때문인 것으로 나타났다.

Keywords

References

  1. Acar, U., R. Ziarati and M. Ziarati(2012), Collisions and Groundings Major causes of accidents at sea, http://www.marifuture.org/Publications/Papers, pp. 48-51.
  2. Catherine, H. and F. Rhona(2006), Safety in shipping: The human element, Journal of Safety Research, Vol. 37, No. 4, pp. 401-411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2006.04.007
  3. Chin, H. C. and K. D. Ashim(2009), Modeling perceived collision risk in port water navigation, Safety Science, Vol. 47, pp. 1410-1416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2009.04.004
  4. COLREGS(2005), COLREGS - International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, Lloyd's Register Rulefinder 2005, Ver. 9.4, June 30, 2013.
  5. Dhillon, BS and SN. Rayapati(1988), Human Performance Reliability Modelling. Microelectronics and Reliability, 28(4), pp. 573-580. https://doi.org/10.1016/0026-2714(88)90143-6
  6. Endsley, M. R.(1995), Toward a Theory of Situation Awareness in Dynamic System, Human Factors, Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 32-64. https://doi.org/10.1518/001872095779049543
  7. IBM SPSS Statistics, Ver. 21.0(2011).
  8. IMO Homepage(2017), http://www.imo.org.
  9. KMST(2017), Korea Maritime Safety Tribunal, Statistics of Marine Casualties, Sejong, pp. 6-28.
  10. KMST Investigation Report(2017), Korea Maritime Safety Tribunal, Investigation Report, https://data.kmst.go.kr/kmst/verdict/writtenVerdict/selectWrittenVerdict.do.
  11. Naver Ship Voyage Glossary(2017), http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=2428553&cid=42329&categoryId=42329.
  12. Naver wikipedia(2017), http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=1625380&cid=42251&categoryId=42262.
  13. Pasquale V. D, S. Miranda, R. Iannone and S. Riemma(2015), A Simulator for Human Error Probability Analysis(SHERPA), Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Vol. 139, pp. 17-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2015.02.003
  14. Rasmussen, J.(1983), Skills, rules, and knowledge; signals, signs, and symbols, and other distinctions in human performance models, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Vol. SMC-13, No. 3, pp. 257-266. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.1983.6313160
  15. Reason, J.(1990), Human Error, New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1-302.
  16. Rothblum, A.(2000), Human Error and Marine Safety. Presented at the Maritime Human Factors Conference 2000, Linthicum, MD, March 13-14.
  17. Shin, I. S.(2016), A Study on the Usability Evaluation of Navigation Assistance Service in e-Navigation MSP, Ph. D. diss., Korea Maritime and Ocean University, pp. 32-46.
  18. Song, J. J.(2014), SPSS/AMOS statistical analysis method for writing paper, 21Century book. No. 2, pp. 14-206.
  19. Youn, D. H. and I. K. Shin(2017), Correlation Analysis of Cause factor through Ship Collision Accident, and Cause factor Analysis through Collision Time, Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety, Vol. 23, No.1, pp. 026-032. https://doi.org/10.7837/kosomes.2017.23.1.026

Cited by

  1. 항만과 진입수로에서 속력제한 위반 경고기능에 관한 연구 - GPS 플로터 및 ECDIS 기능개선을 중점으로 - vol.25, pp.7, 2017, https://doi.org/10.7837/kosomes.2019.25.7.841