Yonsei Medical Journal

Yonsei Univ College Medicine (연세대학교의과대학)
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Lung Cancer Risk and Residential Exposure to Air Pollution: A Korean Population-Based Case-Control Study

  • Lamichhane, Dirga Kumar (Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Hwan-Cheol (Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine) ;
  • Choi, Chang-Min (Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) ;
  • Shin, Myung-Hee (Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine) ;
  • Shim, Young Mog (Department of Thoracic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine) ;
  • Leem, Jong-Han (Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine) ;
  • Ryu, Jeong-Seon (Center for Lung Cancer, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine) ;
  • Nam, Hae-Seong (Center for Lung Cancer, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine) ;
  • Park, Sung-Min (Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine)
  • Received : 2017.03.10
  • Accepted : 2017.07.24
  • Published : 2017.11.01
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Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and lung cancer incidence in Koreans. Materials and Methods: This was a population-based case-control study covering 908 lung cancer patients and 908 controls selected from a random sample of people within each Korean province and matched according to age, sex, and smoking status. We developed land-use regression models to estimate annual residential exposure to particulate matter ($PM_{10}$) and nitrogen dioxide ($NO_2$) over a 20-year exposure period. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Increases in lung cancer incidence (expressed as adjusted OR) were 1.09 (95% CI: 0.96-1.23) with a ten-unit increase in $PM_{10}$ (${\mu}g/m^3$) and 1.10 (95% CI: 1.00-1.22) with a ten-unit increase in $NO_2$ (ppb). Tendencies for stronger associations between air pollution and lung cancer incidence were noted among never smokers, among those with low fruit consumption, and among those with a higher education level. Air pollution was more strongly associated with squamous cell and small cell carcinomas than with adenocarcinoma of the lung. Conclusion: This study provides evidence that $PM_{10}$ and $NO_2$ contribute to lung cancer incidence in Korea.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : Ministry of Health and Welfare

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