Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society (한국산학기술학회논문지)

The Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society (한국산학기술학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Study on the Photorealism of Digital Architectural Rendering Images

디지털 건축 렌더링 이미지의 포토리얼리즘에 대한 고찰

  • Kim, Jong Konk (College of Architecture and Design, Kyungsung University)
  • 김종국 (경성대학교 건축디자인학부)
  • Received : 2017.11.27
  • Accepted : 2018.02.02
  • Published : 2018.02.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The production of hyper-realistic digital rendering images has been available due to radical improvements of recent digital rendering and CGI (Computer-Generated Imagery) software technologies. The photorealism of digital architectural rendering images requires further studies and discussions in that architectural visualization becomes a foundation of other fields using digital rendering technology, such as movies, games, and VR industry. The principles for achieving photorealism on digital architectural rendering images were re-defined and detailed elements were analyzed through theoretical analysis of the former studies. Four principles were drawn from the architectural rendering images produced by newly-developed technologies: physically-accurate lighting calculations, accurate object geometry representation, realistic material and texture, and characteristics of photography. The sub-elements of those four principles are categorized into either essential or selective for photorealistic imagery and the randomness of the selective elements could explain the variety of photorealistic architectural rendering styles.

최근 3D 디지털 렌더링 및 CGI 소프트웨어의 급격한 발전으로 디지털 렌더링 이미지에서 매우 사실적인 포토리얼리즘의 구현이 가능해졌다. 건축 시각화 분야는 영화, 게임, 가상현실 등 다른 디지털 렌더링이 응용되는 분야의 기반 환경을 창조하는 역할을 하므로 디지털 건축 렌더링 이미지의 포토리얼리즘에 관한 심도 갚은 논의가 필요한 상황이다. 이에 본 연구는 건축 시각화 분야에서 디지털 렌더링 이미지의 포토리얼리즘을 구현하기 위한 원칙을 정립하고 세부 요소들을 분석하였다. 이를 위하여 기존의 선행 연구를 이론적으로 분석하여 서로간의 상관관계를 밝히고 이후의 신기술을 이용한 건축 렌더링 이미지로부터 포토리얼리즘의 4가지 원칙(물리적으로 정확한 빛의 계산, 정확한 오브젝트 형상의 재현, 사실적인 재질과 텍스쳐의 표현, 사진에 나타나는 카메라의 특성 재현)을 도출하였다. 이 원칙들의 세부 항목들을 포토리얼리즘을 구현하기 위한 필수적인 요소들과 아티스트의 판단에 따라 취사선택이 가능한 요소로 분류하였으며, 선택적 요소들은 무작위성과 관련이 깊으며 이것이 포토리얼리스틱 건축 렌더링의 다양한 스타일을 결정하는 원인임을 고찰하였다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : 경성대학교

References

  1. A. Karabasevic, "Computational atmospherics a Design Tool", International Journal of Contemporary Architecture-The New ARCH, vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 35-43, Mar. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14621/tna.20170105
  2. B. Fleming, "The 3D Photorealism Toolkit", pp. 3, John Wiley & Sons Inc., USA, 1998.
  3. J. A. Brenton, "Photorealism in interior architectural images", Master's Dissertation, Texas Tech University,pp. 6-52, Dec. 2007.
  4. O. Y. Gun, "Performing Realism: Interactive Real-Time-Rendered Stereoscopic Animations for Architectural Design Process", eCAADe 2013: Computation and Performance Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Education and research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe, pp. 61-68, Sep. 2013.
  5. M. I. Z. Abidin, A. A. Razak, J. S. Joon, S. N. Anthasha, "Implementing Understanding of Photography Principles to Create Effective Photorealistic 3D Rendering", Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Information Visualization (IV'03), pp.390-395, Jul. 2003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/IV.2003.1218015
  6. A. Gallardo, "3D Lighting: History, Concepts, and Techniques", pp.112, Charles River Media Inc., USA, 2001.
  7. B. Benoit, The Photographic Look, BBB3viz, 2015, Available From: http://bertrand-benoit.com/blog/the-photographic-look/. (accessed Dec. 31, 2017)
  8. J. Mairs, Richard Keep and Henry Goss unveil plans for Nairobi tower in rainy renderings, Dezeen, 2017, Available From: https://www.dezeen.com/2017/06/11/richard-keep-henry-goss-architects-boundary-unveil-plans-akili-tower-nairobi-kenya-rainy-renderings/. (accessed Dec. 31, 2017)
  9. P. Guthrie, Pawson Plain Space, Peter GuthrieBlog, 2010, Available From: http://www.peterguthrie.net/blog/2010/11/plain-space.(accessed Dec. 31, 2017)
  10. P. Guthrie, Haus Hafner, Peter Guthrie Blog, 2012, Available From: http://www.peterguthrie.net/blog/2012/11/haus-hafner.(accessed Dec. 31, 2017)
  11. P. Guthrie, Hendee-Borg House Interiors, Peter Guthrie Blog, 2012, Available From: http://www.peterguthrie.net/blog/2012/06/hendee-borg-house-interiors. (accessed Dec. 31, 2017)
  12. P. Guthrie, MightyTiles Mosaic How-To, Ronenbekerman Architectural Visualization Blog, 2012, Available From: https://www.ronenbekerman.com/mightytiles-mosaic-how -to-by-peter-guthrie/#read-more-content. (accessed Dec.31, 2017)
  13. R. Bekerman, The Art of Rendering: A Photographic Approach to Architectural Visualization, Architizer, 2013, Available From: https://architizer.com/blog/practice/details/the-art-of-rendering-photographic-approach/. (accessed Dec. 31, 2017)
  14. A. Schulz, "Architectural Photography", pp.70, Rocky Nook Inc., USA, 2015.
  15. L. Rode, Photographic Approach in Architectural Visualisation, Ronenbekerman Architectural Visualization Blog, Mar. 2013, Available From: https://architizer.com/blog/practice/details/the-art-of-rendering-photographic-approach. (accessed Nov. 24, 2017)