Journal of Power Electronics

The Korean Institute of Power Electronics (전력전자학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Fault Tolerant Control Technique for Hybrid Modular Multi-Level Converters with Fault Detection Capability

  • Abdelsalam, Mahmoud (Department of Electrical Energy Engineering, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport) ;
  • Marei, Mostafa Ibrahim (Electrical and Control Department, College of Engineering and Technology, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport) ;
  • Diab, Hatem Yassin (Department of Electrical Energy Engineering, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport) ;
  • Tennakoon, Sarath B. (Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Sciences, Staffordshire University)
  • Received : 2016.07.13
  • Accepted : 2017.05.02
  • Published : 2018.03.20
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In addition to its modular nature, a Hybrid Modular Multilevel Converter (HMMC) assembled from half-bridge and full-bridge sub-modules, is able to block DC faults with a minimum number of switching devices, which makes it attractive for high power applications. This paper introduces a control strategy based on the Root-Least Square (RLS) algorithm to estimate the capacitor voltages instead of using direct measurements. This action eliminates the need for voltage transducers in the HMMC sub-modules and the associated communication link with the central controller. In addition to capacitor voltage balancing and suppression of circulating currents, a fault tolerant control unit (FTCU) is integrated into the proposed strategy to modify the parameters of the HMMC controller. On advantage of the proposed FTCU is that it does not need extra components. Furthermore, a fault detection unit is adapted by utilizing a hybrid estimation scheme to detect sub-module faults. The behavior of the suggested technique is assessed using PSCAD offline simulations. In addition, it is validated using a real-time digital simulator connected to a real time controller under various normal and fault conditions. The proposed strategy shows robust performance in terms of accuracy and time response since it succeeds in stabilizing the HMMC under faults.

Keywords

References

  1. S. Debnath, J. Qin, B. Bahrani, M. Saeedifardand, and P. Barbosa, "Operation, control, and applications of the modular multilevel converter: A review," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., Vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 37-53, Jan. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2014.2309937
  2. W. Li, L. Gregoire, and J. Belanger, "Control and performance of a modular multilevel converter system," in Proc. CIGRE Canada Conference on Power Systems, pp. 1-8, 2011.
  3. Y. Wan, S. Liu, and J. Jiang, "Generalized analytical methods and current-energy control design for modular multilevel cascade converter," IET Power Electron., Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 495-504, Mar. 2013. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-pel.2012.0494
  4. R. Zeng, L. Xu, L. Yao, and B. W. Williams, "Design and operation of a hybrid modular multilevel converter," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., Vol. 30, No. 3, pp. 1137-1146, Mar. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2014.2320822
  5. A. Beddard, M. Barnes, and R. Preece, “Comparison of detailed modeling techniques for MMC employed on VSC-HVDC schemes,” IEEE Trans. Power Del., Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 579-589, Apr. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2014.2325065
  6. O. Kaijian, R. Hong, C. Zexiang, G. Haiping, L. Xuehua, G. Lin, M. Trevor, W. Bruce, and C. Yuan, "MMC-HVDC simulation and testing based on real-time digital simulator and physical control system," IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Topics Power Electron., Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 1109-1116, Dec. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTPE.2014.2337512
  7. S. Xu and A. Huang, "Circulating current control of double-star chopper cell modular multilevel converter for HVDC system," in Proc. Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON), pp. 1234-1239, Oct. 2012.
  8. L. Hui, L. C. Poh, and F. Blaabjerg, "Review of fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control for modular multilevel converter of HVDC," in Proc. IECON, pp. 1242-1247, Nov. 2013.
  9. W. Zhang, D. Xu, P. N. Enjeti, H. Li, J. T. Hawke, and H. S. Krishnamoorthy, "Survey on fault-tolerant techniques for power electronic converters," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., Vol. 29, No. 12, pp. 6319-6331, Dec. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2014.2304561
  10. R. Wu, F. Blaabjerg, H. Wang, M. Liserre, and F. Iannuzzo, "Catastrophic failure and fault-tolerant design of IGBT power electronic converters-An overview," in Proc. IECON, pp. 507-513, Nov. 2013.
  11. M. Salehifar, M. Moreno-Eguilaz, G. Putrus, and P. Barras, "Simplified fault tolerant finite control set model predictive control of a five-phase inverter supplying BLDC motor in electric vehicle drive," Electric Power Systems Research, Vol. 132, pp. 56-66, Mar. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2015.10.030
  12. G. T. Son, H.-J. Lee, T. S. Nam, Y.- H. Chung, U.-H. Lee, S.-T. Baek, K. Hur, and J.-W. Park, "Design and control of a modular multilevel HVDC converter with redundant power modules for noninterruptible energy transfer," IEEE Trans. Power Del., Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 1611-1619, Jul. 2012. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2012.2190530
  13. M. Abdelsalam, M. I. Marei, and S. Tennakoon, "An integrated control strategy with fault detection and tolerant control capability based on capacitor voltage estimation for modular multilevel converters," IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., Vol. 53, No. 3, pp. 2840-2851, May/Jun. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2016.2608940
  14. A. Antonopoulos, L. Angquist, and H.-P. Nee, "On dynamics and voltage control of the modular multilevel converter," in Proc. European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE), pp. 1-10, 2009.
  15. G. S. Konstantinou and V. G. Agelidis, "Performance evaluation of half-bridge cascaded multilevel converters operated with multicarrier sinusoidal PWM techniques," in Proc. IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), pp. 3399-3404, 2009.
  16. A. Hassanpoor, S. Norrga, H.-P. Nee, and L. Angquist, "Evaluation of different carrier-based PWM methods for modular multilevel converters for HVDC application," in Proc. IECON, pp. 388-393, 2012.
  17. D.-W. Kang, W.-K. Lee, and D.-S. Hyun, "Carrier-rotation strategy for voltage balancing in flying capacitor multilevel inverter," IET Proceedings on Electric Power Applications, Vol. 151, No. 2, pp. 239-248, Mar. 2004. https://doi.org/10.1049/ip-epa:20040220
  18. B.-S. Jin, W.-k Lee, T.-J. Kim, D.-W. Kang, and D.-S. Hyun, "A study on the multi-carrier PWM methods for voltage balancing of flying capacitor in the flying capacitor multi-level inverter," Proc. IECON, pp. 1-6, 2005.
  19. M. I. Marei, E. F. El-Saadany, and M. M. A. Salama, "Experimental evaluation of envelope tracking techniques for voltage disturbances," Electric Power System Research, Vol. 80, No. 3, pp. 339-344, Mar. 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2009.09.017
  20. M. I. Marei, A. Mohy, and A. A. El-Sattar "An integrated control system for sparse matrix converter interfacing PMSG with the grid," International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, Vol. 73, pp. 340-349, Dec. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2015.05.022
  21. M. Abdelsalam, M. I. Marei, S. Tennakoon, and A. Griffiths, "Capacitor voltage balancing strategy based on sub-module capacitor voltage estimation for modular multilevel converters," CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 65-73, Mar. 2016.
  22. B. Widrow and M. A. Lehr, "30 years of adaptive neural networks: perceptrons, madaline and backpropagation" IEEE Proc., Vol. 78, No. 9, pp. 1415-1442, Sep. 1990. https://doi.org/10.1109/5.58323
  23. S. Hui and S. H. Zak, "Robust stability analysis of adaptation algorithms for single perceptron," IEEE Trans. Neural Netw., Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 325-328, Mar. 1991. https://doi.org/10.1109/72.80346
  24. R. Johansson, System Modeling and Identification, Prentice-Hall, 2nd Edition, 1993.
  25. L. Ljung, System Identification: Theory for the User, Prentice-Hall, 1999.
  26. M. Hagiwara and H. Akagi, "Control and experiment of pulse width-modulated modular multilevel converters," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., Vol. 24, No. 7, pp. 1737-1736, Jul. 2009. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2009.2014236
  27. Y. Tang, L. Ran, O. Alatise, and P. Mawby, "Capacitor selection for modular multilevel converter," IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., Vol. 52, No. 4, pp. 3279-3293, Jul./Aug. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2016.2533620
  28. M. F. Moussa, H. Y. Diab, and M. O. Abdelsalam, "A modified reduced frequency capacitor voltage balancing strategy with reduced number of sensors for modular multilevel converters," in Proc. International Conference on Electrical and Electronic Engineering (ICEEE), pp. 52-55, 2017.