Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science (한국산림과학회지)

Korean Society of Forest Science (한국산림과학회)
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A Critical Review about Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional Level to Korean Endangered Vascular Plants Assessed by the Ministry of Environment, Republic of Korea

환경부 멸종위기 관속식물 지정 기준으로 사용된 IUCN 지역 적색목록 평가 분석

  • Chang, Chin-Sung (Department of Forest Sciences and The Arboretum, Seoul National University) ;
  • Kwon, Shin-Young (Department of Forest Sciences and The Arboretum, Seoul National University) ;
  • Son, Sungwon (Department of Forest Resources Conservation, The Korea National Arboretum) ;
  • Kim, Hui (Department of Medicinal Plants Resources, Mokpo National University)
  • 장진성 (서울대학교 산림과학부) ;
  • 권신영 (서울대학교 산림과학부) ;
  • 손성원 (국립수목원 산림자원보전과) ;
  • 김휘 (목포대학교 한약자원학과)
  • Received : 2018.08.27
  • Accepted : 2018.11.23
  • Published : 2018.12.31
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Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine whether the guideline by the Ministry of Environment (ME) successfully and appropriately applied the IUCN Red List criteria at regional level and the rare and endangered national list considered eligible. A certain number of vascular plants, which are widely distributed in the world or in east Asia, deemed to be ineligible for assessment at a regional level as Not Applicable category (NA), because it occurs at very low numbers in South Korea. Among 377 vascular plant taxa evaluated by the ME, NA included 238 species, which represented 63.1%. The number of synonymized species or illegitimate name species were 13 species, which accounted for 3.4%. 21 species (9.3%) were threatened at global level and 103 species were possibly candidates species list for Red List assessments at regional level in the near future. The proportion of NA or waiting list was 66.6% among the list assessed by the ME. The most common errors involved incorrectly application of species extinction in case of population extinction in South Korea to the assessment and provided incorrect interpretation of the Red List criteria at regional level. The most assessments proposed by ME were not backed up without quantitative data quality, justifications, and sources. It is suggested that the risk of extinction should be reassessed at least in the Korean peninsula within the light of their overall distribution including far eastern Russia and North eastern China in north and for Japan and Taiwan in south for regional assessment. The results obtained here using the IUCN criteria at regional level showed that the list proposed by the ME produced an overestimation of the number of threatened vascular plants. Also, the misapplication of the term 'species extinction' for regional assessment was open to some degree of subjectivity and misinterpretation.

본 연구는 환경부의 멸종위기 야생생물의 지정이 지역 적색목록 방법을 올바르게 적용하였는지 보고서 내용을 전반적으로 검토하였다. IUCN의 지역 적색 평가에서는 평가 항목중 적용불가(NA)라는 범주가 존재한다. 해당 범주를 통해 전세계나 동아시아 전체에 매우 넓게 분포하는 종은 평가에서 제외하도록 명시하고 있다. 환경부에서 제시한 평가 결과물중 관속식물 377종이 언급되는데 이중 238종(63.1%)이 적용불가(NA)에 해당되며 일부는 분류학적 실체에 대한 논란의 여지가 되는 분류군(waiting)으로 13종(3.4%)이 확인된다. 환경부의 지역평가에 포함된 목록중 전 세계 평가 대상이 되는 소위 '진정 멸종위기' 분류군은 21종(9.3%)으로 매우 적었으며 앞으로 지역평가 시도가 가능한 분류군은 103종(27.3%)로 확인된다. 환경부의 멸종위기 야생생물인 관속식물 전체 목록중 66.6%는 지역 적색 평가로 부적절하거나 유보된다. 환경부의 종 목록과 평가의 문제점은 집단이 사라지는 '절멸'과 종이 사라지는 '멸종'의 용어상의 오용과 지역 적색평가의 그릇된 해석으로 혼란을 자초하고 있어 실제 IUCN의 지역 평가기준을 준용했다고 볼 수 없으며, 환경부에서 제시한 평가 조사방법도 적색목록을 평가하기 위한 자료 수집 방법론으로 보기가 어렵다. 지역 적색이라는 평가도 남한이라는 좁은 국가적 시각보다는 분포와 생물상을 고려하여 한반도와 접경지역인 러시아, 중국 대륙, 그리고 일본, 대만의 자료도 적극 수용한 새로운 '지역'의 개념 도입이 필요하다. 환경부의 올바른 지역 적색 평가를 위해서는 정확한 학명을 사용함과 동시에 주관적 잣대가 아닌 IUCN 지역 적색의 기준을 사용할 필요가 있다.

Keywords

HOMHBJ_2018_v107n4_361_f0001.png 이미지

Figure 1. Marginal population example which regional Red List authority may decide that they will not assess taxa where less than 1% of the global population occurs (A) a marginal population (B) main populations (IUCN, 2012).

HOMHBJ_2018_v107n4_361_f0002.png 이미지

Figure 2. The number of vascular plant species in each category assessed by National Institute of Biological Resource as the regional red list (NIBR 2018).

HOMHBJ_2018_v107n4_361_f0003.png 이미지

Figure 3. Four categories of vascular plants species sorted by this study. 1. As applicable for global assession, 2. Not applicable (NA) for national red list, 3. Waiting list with synonyms and/or illegitimate names. and 4. Candidate for the regional red list.

HOMHBJ_2018_v107n4_361_f0004.png 이미지

Figure 5. (A) Summary of numbers of NA (not applicable) vascular plant species within each category of threat assessed by National Institute of Biological Resources of Ministry of Environment. (B) Summary of numbers of candidate vascular plants excluding NA plants for the national red list assessed by the NIBR of Ministry of Environment.

HOMHBJ_2018_v107n4_361_f0005.png 이미지

Figure 4. Worldwide distributed taxa (Not applicable taxa, NA) proposed by the Ministry of Environment as rare species in Korea at regional level. Examples of selective taxa: A. Psilotum nudum (L.) P. Beauv., B. Utricularia intermedia Hayne, C. Persicaria amphibia (L.) Delarbre, D. Limosella aquatica L.

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