Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science (한국산림과학회지)

Korean Society of Forest Science (한국산림과학회)
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Estimation of Canopy Fuel Characteristics for Pinus densiflora Stands Using Diameter Distribution Models: Forest Managed Stands and Unmanaged Stands

직경분포모형을 이용한 소나무림의 수관연료특성 예측: 산림시업지 임분과 비시업지 임분에서

  • Lee, Sun Joo (Department of Forest Resources, Kongju National University) ;
  • Kim, Sung Yong (Division of Forest Disaster Management, National Institute of Forest Science) ;
  • Lee, Byung Doo (Division of Forest Disaster Management, National Institute of Forest Science) ;
  • Lee, Young Jin (Department of Forest Resources, Kongju National University)
  • 이선주 (공주대학교 산림자원학과) ;
  • 김성용 (국립산림과학원 산림방재연구과) ;
  • 이병두 (국립산림과학원 산림방재연구과) ;
  • 이영진 (공주대학교 산림자원학과)
  • Received : 2018.09.19
  • Accepted : 2018.11.05
  • Published : 2018.12.31
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Abstract

The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of forest management activities on canopy fuel characteristics for Pinus densiflora stands in South Korea. We used 1,085 managed stands data and 349 unmanaged stands data of the National Forest Inventory for this study, and it was estimated by using the Weibull function for the growth of stand and canopy fuel characteristics. Comparing the canopy fuel characteristics for the managed stands and unmanaged stands shows that the average canopy fuel load is about 14% higher than that of managed stands, and the canopy bulk density is also approximately 16% higher. The results of comparing growth projections for 40 years, 50 years and 60 years with the Weibull function are as follows: Over time, managed stands was predicted the maximum number of medium and large class diameter, while unmanaged stands was predicted maximum number of small and medium class diameter. From a fire fuel perspective, unmanaged stands are predicted to be of the type small class diameter and high density, which is a good condition for crown fire. In addition, Canopy fuel load, Canopy bulk density is relatively higher than managed stands, indicating that the possibility of high crown fire hazard.

본 연구는 산림시업이 소나무임분의 수관연료특성 변화에 미치는 영향을 예측하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 국가산림자원자료 중 시업지 1,085 stands, 비시업지 349 stands의 표본점 자료를 분석에 이용하였으며, Weibull 함수를 사용하여 시간에 따른 임분생장과 수관연료특성에 대해 예측하였다. 산림시업유무에 따른 수관연료특성을 비교해본 결과 비시업지 임분이 시업지 임분에 비해 평균 수관연료량은 약 14% 높게 나타났으며, 연소가능한 수관연료밀도 또한 약 16% 높게 나타났다. Weibull 함수를 사용하여 임령 40년, 50년, 60년의 생장 예측과 수관연료특성 변화를 비교해본 결과, 시업지 임분은 시간이 지남에 따라 중경목, 대경목에 최대임목본수의 증가가 예측된 반면, 비시업지 임분은 소경목, 중경목에서 최대임목본수가 예측되었다. 비시업지 임분이 시업지 임분에 비해 수관연료량, 수관연료밀도의 증가량이 높게 나타나 수관화로의 확산 가능성이 높은 것으로 사료되었다.

Keywords

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Figure 1. The location of study sites.

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Figure 2. Study schemes in the prediction of the canopy fuel characteristics for Pinus densiflora stands by forest management activity.

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Figure 3. Predicted (a) managed stands mean trees per hectar and (b) unmanaged stands mean trees per hectar in each DBH class with (a) 900 TPH and SI of 13 m, (b) 1,600 TPH and SI of 12 m at each of the following stand ages: 40 years, 50years and 60years.

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Figure 4. Predicted (a) managed stands mean trees per hectar and (b) unmanaged stands mean trees per hectar in each DBH class (small class diameter (6~16 cm), midium class diameter (18~28 cm), large class diameter (≥30 cm) with (a) 900 TPH and SI of 13 m, (b) 1,600 TPH and SI of 12 m at each of the following stand ages: 40years, 50years and 60years.

Table 1. Summary of observed statistics for Managed and Unmanaged Pinus densiflora stands in South korea.

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Table 2. Parameter estimates and fit statistics of managed stands, unmanaged stands predictive equations for guide curve (Hd), and individual tree height (HT), quadratic mean diameter (Dq), percentiles of the diameter distribution (D0, D25, D50, D95).

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Table 3. Descriptive statistics for canopy fuel characteristics for Pinus densiflora stands.

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Table 4. Illustrations of predicted canopy fuel characteristics for a 40, 50, 60 years managed and unmanaged stands.

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