Tunnel and Underground Space (터널과지하공간)

Korean Society for Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering (한국암반공학회)
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Review of Pre-grouting Methods for Shield TBM Tunneling in Difficult Grounds

특수지반에서 쉴드TBM 굴착 시 프리그라우팅 적용 사례 고찰

  • Yoon, Youngmin (Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Seoul National University) ;
  • Jeong, Hoyoung (Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Seoul National University) ;
  • Jeon, Seokwon (Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Seoul National University)
  • 윤영민 (서울대학교 공과대학 에너지시스템공학부) ;
  • 정호영 (서울대학교 공과대학 에너지시스템공학부) ;
  • 전석원 (서울대학교 공과대학 에너지시스템공학부)
  • Received : 2018.11.16
  • Accepted : 2018.12.18
  • Published : 2018.12.31
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Abstract

Cases of TBM tunnelling have been consistently increasing worldwide. In many recent subsea and urban tunnelling projects, TBM excavation has been preferably considered due to its advantages over drill and blast tunnelling. Difficult ground conditions are highly probable to appear in subsea and urban tunnels because of the shallow working depth and alluvial characteristics. Under the difficult ground conditions, ground reinforcement measures should be considered including grouting, while it is of great importance to select the optimal grout material and injection method to cope with the ground condition. The benefits from TBM excavation, such as fast excavation, increased safety, and reduced environmental impact, can be achieved by applying appropriate ground reinforcement with the minimum overrun of cost and time. In this report, various grouting methods were reviewed so that they can be applied in difficult ground conditions. In addition, domestic and international cases of successful ground reinforcement for difficult grounds were introduced for future reference.

국내외 터널공사에서 TBM의 적용사례가 지속적으로 증가하고 있으며, 특히 도심지터널과 하 해저터널의 시공에서 TBM 굴착 공법은 발파공법에 비해 여러 장점을 가지므로 우선적으로 고려되는 경우가 많다. 도심지와 하 해저 터널에서는 연약지반 혹은 특수지반을 조우할 가능성이 높으며, 이러한 지질특성으로 인한 지반보강과 지반개량을 필수적으로 고려하여야 한다. 터널공사에서 지반 보강 및 개량 공법으로 그라우팅 공법이 널리 활용되고 있다. TBM 공법이 가지는 고속굴진, 굴진안정성, 환경피해 최소화 등 장점을 극대화하기 위해서 특수지반 조우 시 지반조건에 적합한 그라우팅재료와 공법을 선정하는 것이 공사비와 공기의 증가를 줄이는데 매우 중요하다. 하지만 현재까지 국내에서는 특수지반에 대한 보강 체계가 정립되어 있지 않으므로 본 논문에서는 특수지반에서의 효율적인 시공을 위한 기초연구로서, 일반적인 암반 토사 지반조건 이외 특수지반에서 쉴드TBM 굴착 시 적용될 수 있는 그라우팅 공법에 대하여 고찰하였다. 또한 국내외에서 특수지반 쉴드TBM 시공사례로부터 지반조건에 따른 그라우팅 공법의 적용성을 분석하여 정리하였다. 향후 쉴드TBM을 적용한 터널 시공 시 지반조건에 따른 적합한 그라우팅 재료와 공법을 선정하는데 기초자료로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. Schematic drawing of LW grouting (Kim, 2013)

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Fig. 2. Movement of Rocket (Chun, 2005)

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Fig. 3. Schematic drawing of SGR (Kim, 2013)

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Fig. 4. Injection and production device (Shin et al., 2013)

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Fig. 5. Damaged disc cutters in Busan subway construction site (Oh et al., 2007)

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Fig. 6. Grouting system of shield machine (Jeong et al., 2010)

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Fig. 7. Sand and gravel inflows in semi-shield machine (KTA, 2008)

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Fig. 8. High-pressure groundwater entering from the grout hole in the segment lining (a) and groundwater entering in front of the Shield Machine (Brian et al., 2008)

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Fig. 9. Possible drill pattern ahead of the tunnel face (Burger, W. and Dudouit, F., 2009)

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Fig. 10. Applicability of various grouting methods for different particle sizes

Table 1. History of Clean firm grouting for intervention in Busan metro construction (south bound) site (Oh et al., 2007)

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Table 2. Summary of TBM tunnel grouting in difficult ground conditions

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Table 3. Summary of various grouting methods used in the previous TBM sites

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Table 3. Summary of various grouting methods used in the previous TBM sites (Continued)

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Table 4. Grouting methods applicable to different geological conditions

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