Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology (한국농림기상학회지)

Korean Society of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology (한국농림기상학회)
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Growth and Bulb Characteristics of Extremely Early-Maturing Onion by Air Temperature Variation at Different Altitudes

해발고도별 기온변화에 따른 극조생 양파의 생육 및 구특성

  • Song, Eun Young (Research Institute of Climate Change and Agriculture, National Institute Horticultural Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Moon, Kyung Hwan (Research Institute of Climate Change and Agriculture, National Institute Horticultural Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Wi, Seung Hwan (Research Institute of Climate Change and Agriculture, National Institute Horticultural Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Oh, Soonja (Research Institute of Climate Change and Agriculture, National Institute Horticultural Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration)
  • 송은영 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 온난화대응농업연구소) ;
  • 문경환 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 온난화대응농업연구소) ;
  • 위승환 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 온난화대응농업연구소) ;
  • 오순자 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 온난화대응농업연구소)
  • Received : 2018.07.18
  • Accepted : 2018.12.06
  • Published : 2018.12.30
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Abstract

A study was carried out to determine the influence of climatic environments on the growth characteristics and bulb quality of extremely early-maturing type onion grown at different altitudes, such as 60m, 200m, 350m and 700m above sea level (ASL). The mean air temperature during the growing season of extremely early-maturing type onion (October 18 to April 27) was $10.8^{\circ}C$, $9.6^{\circ}C$, $8.1^{\circ}C$ and $6.1^{\circ}C$ at 60m, 200m, 350m and 700m ASL. The mean air temperature during the bulb growth period (March 16 to April 14) was recorded $10.5^{\circ}C$, $9.4^{\circ}C$, $7.9^{\circ}C$ and $6.0^{\circ}C$ at 60m, 200m, 350m and 700 m ASL. Plant height, neck diameter, leaf number, leaf area, top fresh weight and top dry weight were significantly increased in growing of extremely early-maturing type onion at 60m ASL. Bulb/neck diameter ratio increased rapidly under the same temperature regime. The diameter and weight of the bulb were also the largest at 60m ASL during the bulb growth period (daily mean temperature of $12.5^{\circ}C$). At 60m ASL, there was the highest bulb size like a height, diameter and weight of bulb related directly on onion yield in the bulb growth period from March 16 to April 14. In contrast, yield and bulb quality were considerably decreased at 700m ASL during the bulb growth stage (daily mean temperature of $8.4^{\circ}C$). The quantity of extremely early-maturing type onion has gradually decreased as the daily average temperature drops below $12.5^{\circ}C$ during the bulb growth stage (March 16 to April 14). As a result, the lower temperature (daily mean temperature below $12.5^{\circ}C$) during the bulb growth stage significantly decreased the size and quantity of bulb in direction proportion.

본 연구는 노지 월동채소인 극조생 양파 '싱싱볼'의 생육 기간 중 기온차이가 생육 및 구 비대에 미치는 영향을 검토하고자 해발 60m, 200m, 350m 및 700m 4지점에 설치된 노지 포장에서 수행하였다. 극조생 양파의 생육기간(2016년 10월 18일~2017년 4월 27일)의 해발고도별 일평균 온도는 각각 $10.8^{\circ}C$, $9.6^{\circ}C$, $8.1^{\circ}C$ 및 $6.1^{\circ}C$였고, 주 인경비대기인 3월 중순~4월 중순(3월 16일~4월 14일)경 해발고도별 일평균 온도는 각각 $12.5^{\circ}C$, $11.6^{\circ}C$, $10.2^{\circ}C$, $8.4^{\circ}C$로 조사되었다. 극조생 양파의 생육특성을 조사한 결과, 해발 60m(일평균 $10.8^{\circ}C$) 조건에서 초장이 길었고, 엽초경도 두꺼워졌으며, 엽수, 총엽면적, 지상부 생체중 및 지상부 건물중도 증가되었다. 양파의 구 특성을 조사한 결과, 극조생 양파의 주 인경비대기인 3월 중순~4월 중순(3월 16일~4월 14일)경 해발 60m(일평균 $12.5^{\circ}C$) 조건에서 구 비대가 가장 빠르고 구 크기도 커지는 경향을 보였으나, 그 보다 낮은 온도조건에서는 구 비대가 점점 늦어지고 구 크기도 작아지는 결과를 얻었다. 수량성에 직접적으로 영향을 주는 인자인 구의 크기(구고, 구경 및 구중)도 이 시기에 생육온도가 가장 높은 해발 60m(일평균 $12.5^{\circ}C$)에서 가장 컸으며 생육온도가 낮을수록 역시 유의성 있게 감소하였다. 이상의 결과로 보아 극조생 양파의 주 인경비대기인 3월 중순~4월 중순경 대기온도가 $12.5^{\circ}C$ 이하로 하락할 경우 구 비대성숙이 지연되어 수량도 감소될 것으로 예측된다.

Keywords

NRGSBM_2018_v20n4_321_f0001.png 이미지

Fig. 1. Changes in daily mean air temperature (A), growing degree days (B), daily rainfall (C) and daily radiation (D) in the altitude experiment sites where the extremely early-maturing type onion plants were grown.

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Fig. 2. Seasonal changes in day length (A) and solar radiation (B) in the altitude experiment sites where the extremely early-maturing type onion plants were grown.

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Fig. 3. Changes in plant height (A), neck diameter (B), leaf number (C) and total leaf area (D) of the extremely early-maturing type onion under different temperature regimes at different altitudes.

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Fig. 4. Changes in top fresh weight (A) and top dry weight (B) of the extremely early-maturing type onion under different temperature regimes at different altitudes.

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Fig. 5. Changes in bulb diameter, bulb weight, bulb dry weight and bulbing ratio of the extremely early-maturing type onion under different temperature regimes at different altitudes.

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Fig. 6. Relationship between bulb weight (A) and bulb dry weight (B) of extremely early-maturing type onion with daily mean temperature during the bulb growth stage (March 16 to April 14).

Table 1. The growth characteristics of bulbs of the extremely early-maturing type onion harvested at 180 days after

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