Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology (한국농림기상학회지)

Korean Society of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology (한국농림기상학회)
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Nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide efflux of cropland soil during fallow season

휴경기간 녹비재배 농경지 토양에서 아산화질소 및 이산화탄소 배출특성

  • Lee, Sun-Il (National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kim, Gun-Yeob (National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Choi, Eun-Jung (National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Lee, Jong-Sik (National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Jeong, Hyun-Cheol (National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration)
  • Received : 2018.10.10
  • Accepted : 2018.12.12
  • Published : 2018.12.30
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Abstract

Cropland is sources of atmospheric nitrous oxide ($N_2O$) and carbon dioxide ($CO_2$). However, the contribution of the fallow season to emission of these gases has rarely been determined. In this study, a field experiment encompassing three treatments was conducted to determine efflux of $N_2O$ and $CO_2$ in cropland during fallow season. The treatments were hairy vetch (H.V.), rye and control (Con.). The H.V. and rye were sown in middle October and early November, respectively. The soil $N_2O$ efflux among all three treatments in the fallow season (November-April) were $0.014-2.956mg\;N_2O\;m^{-2}{\cdot}d^{-1}$. The cumulative $N_2O$ emissions were $104.4mg\;N_2O\;m^{-2}$ for Con., $85.8mg\;N_2O\;m^{-2}$ for H.V. and $85.0mg\;N_2O\;m^{-2}$ for Rye during the fallow season. The highest $N_2O$ emissions occurred in Con., while H.V. and Rye emissions were similar. Cumulative $CO_2$ emissions were $293.1g\;CO_2\;m^{-2}$ for Con., $242.2g\;CO_2\;m^{-2}$ for H.V., $275.2g\;CO_2\;m^{-2}$ for Rye during fallow season. This study showed that soil $N_2O$ and $CO_2$ average daily emission during fallow season were 28.3% and 27.4%, respectively of the growing season. Our results indicate that $CO_2$ and $N_2O$ emissions from agricultural systems continue throughout the fallow season.

농경지는 농업부문에서 배출되는 온실가스인 아산화질소와 이산화탄소의 공급원이다. 하지만 대부분 농경지 온실가스 배출연구는 경작기에 집중되어 있고, 휴경기 동안 거의 수행되지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구는 동절기 휴경 농경지 $N_2O$와 $CO_2$ 배출량과 주요 환경요인과의 유의확률 및 경작기 배출량과 비교하였다. 휴경기동안 녹비작물로써 H.V.와 Rye를 재배하였을 때, $N_2O$는 $0.014{\sim}2.956mg\;N_2O\;m^{-2}{\cdot}d^{-1}$ 범위로 배출되었으며, 누적량은 대조구, H.V.처리구, Rye처리구에서 각각 104.4, 85.8 그리고 $85.0mg\;N_2O\;m^{-2}$ 배출되었다. 대조구에서 배출량이 가장 높았으며, H.V. 및 Rye 처리구는 비슷했다. 누적 이산화탄소 배출량은 대조구, H.V. 처리구, Rye 처리구에서 각각 293.1, 242.2 그리고 $275.2g\;CO_2\;m^{-2}$ 배출되었다. 그리고 휴경기간동안 $N_2O$ 및 $CO_2$ 일 평균배출량은 경작기의 각각 28.3%, 27.4% 배출되었다.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. Daily precipitation (mm) and daily average air temperature (℃) throughout the experimental period.

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Fig. 2. Soil water content and temperature (at 10 cm soil depth) throughout the experimental period.

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Fig. 3. Changes of nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission rates from cropland during fallow season. The daily average soil-to-atmosphere N2O and CO2 fluxes in control (Con.), hairy vetch (H.V.) and rye from November 2017 – April 2018. Vertical bars are standard errors of the means (n=6).

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Fig. 4. Cumulative nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions during fallow season. The treatments were control (Con.), hairy vetch (H.V.) and rye from November 2017 – April 2018. Vertical bars are standard errors of the means (n=6). Bars designated with the same letters indicate not significantly different at ɑ=0.05.

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Fig. 5. Changes of nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission rates in relation to soil temperature at 10 cm depth during fallow season. The treatments were control (Con.), hairy vetch (H.V.) and rye from November 2017 – April 2018.

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Fig. 6. Changes of nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission rates in relation to soil water contents (V V-1, %) at 10 cm depth during fallow season. The treatments were control (Con.), hairy vetch (H.V.) and rye from November 2017 – April 2018.

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Fig. 7. Changes of nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission rates from cropland during growing season. Vertical bars are standard errors of the means (n=6). Vertical arrow indicates dates of supplemental fertilizer application.

Table 1. Chemical properties of the studied soil before treatment

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Table 2. Analytical conditions of gas chromatographic measurement for CO2 and N2O

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Table 3. Nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by season

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