Economic and Environmental Geology (자원환경지질)

The Korean Society of Economic and Environmental Geology (대한자원환경지질학회)
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The Uranium Removal in Groundwater by Using the Bamboo Charcoal as the Adsorbent

대나무 활성탄을 흡착제로 활용한 오염지하수 내 우라늄 제거

  • Lee, Jinkyun (Department of Earth Environmental Sciences, Pukyong National University) ;
  • Kim, Taehyoung (Department of Earth Environmental Sciences, Pukyong National University) ;
  • Lee, Minhee (Department of Earth Environmental Sciences, Pukyong National University)
  • 이진균 (부경대학교 지구환경과학과) ;
  • 김태형 (부경대학교 지구환경과학과) ;
  • 이민희 (부경대학교 지구환경과학과)
  • Received : 2018.12.15
  • Accepted : 2018.12.19
  • Published : 2018.12.28
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Abstract

Batch sorption experiments were performed to remove the uranium (U) in groundwater by using the bamboo charcoal. For 2 kinds of commercialized bamboo charcoals in Korea, the U removal efficiency at various initial U concentrations in water were investigated and the optimal sorption conditions to apply the bamboo charcoal were determined by the batch experiments with replicate at different pH, temperature, and reaction time conditions. From results of adsorption batch experiments, the U removal efficiency of the bamboo charcoal ranged from 70 % to 97 % and the U removal efficiency for the genuine groundwater of which U concentration was 0.14 mg/L was 84 %. The high U removal efficiency of the bamboo charcoal maintained in a relatively wide range of temperatures ($10{\sim}20^{\circ}C$) and pHs (5 ~ 9), supporting that the usage of the bamboo charcoal is available for U contaminated groundwater without additional treatment process in field. Two typical sorption isotherms were plotted by using the experimental results and the bamboo charcoal for U complied with the Langmuir adsorption property. The maximum adsorption concentration ($q_m:mg/g$) of A type and C type bamboo charcoal in the Langmuir isotherm model were 200.0 mg/g and 16.9 mg/g, respectively. When 2 g of bamboo charcoal was added into 100 mL of U contaminated groundwater (0.04 ~ 10.8 mg/L of initial U concentration), the separation factor ($R_L$) and the surface coverage (${\theta}$) maintained lower than 1, suggesting that the U contaminated groundwater can be cleaned up with a small amount of the bamboo charcoal.

대나무 활성탄을 흡착제로 사용하여 우라늄으로 오염된 지하수를 정화하는 흡착 배치실험을 수행하였다. 국내에서 판매되는 두 종류의 대나무 활성탄을 사용하여 다양한 우라늄 농도를 가지는 인공오염수를 대상으로 활성탄 투입량에 따른 제거효율 변화를 측정하였다. 인공오염수의 다양한 pH, 온도, 흡착 시간 조건에서 흡착실험을 반복하여, 최적의 제거효율을 나타내는 대나무 활성탄의 적용 조건을 결정하였다. 실험 결과, 인공오염수에 대한 대나무 활성탄의 우라늄 제거효율은 70 ~ 97 %를 나타내었으며, 우라늄 농도가 0.14 mg/L인 실제 우라늄 오염지하수에 대한 제거효율도 84 %로 매우 높았다. 오염수의 온도의 경우 $10{\sim}20^{\circ}C$ 범위, pH는 5 ~ 9 범위에서 우라늄 제거효율 변화가 크지 않아, 현장에서 별도의 추가 처리 없이 오염지하수에 적용할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다. 흡착실험 결과로부터 대표적인 흡착등온선을 도시한 결과, 우라늄에 대하여 대나무 활성탄은 Langmuir 흡착특성을 나타내었으며, A type과 C type 대나무 활성탄의 최대흡착농도($q_m:mg/g$)값은 각각 200.0 mg/g와 16.9 mg/g으로 높게 나타났다. 오염수 100 mL에 대나무 활성탄 2 g(2 wt%)을 첨가한 경우, 초기 우라늄 농도가 0.04 ~ 10.8 mg/L 범위에서 분리상수 값(separation factor: $R_L$)과 표면흡착률 값(surface coverage: ${\theta}$)이 1 이하로 낮게 유지되어, 다양한 우라늄 농도 범위를 가지는 오염지하수에 대하여 적은 양의 대나무 활성탄으로 효과적으로 정화할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. Status of groundwater quality by the Piper diagram.

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Fig. 2. FE-SEM images of the A type and C type bamboo charcoal particles.

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Fig. 3. The U removal efficiencies of bamboo charcoals at different initial U concentration in water (Error bars represent the standard deviation from triple measurements.).

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Fig. 4. The U removal efficiencies of bamboo charcoals with different conditions ((a) and (c) for A type; (b) and (d) for C type)(Error bars represent the standard deviation from triple measurements.).

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Fig. 5. The U removal efficiency for the genuine groundwater with 0.14 mg/L of initial U concentration(Error bars represent the standard deviation from triple measurements.).

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Fig. 6. Two adsorption isotherm curves fitting for the U adsorption of bamboo charcoals.

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Fig. 7. The plots of separation factor (RL) and surface coverage (θ ) for the U adsorption by bamboo charcoals vs. initial U concentration in water.

Table 1. Properties of groundwater used in the experiment

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Table 2. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm parameters for the U adsorption on bamboo charcoal

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