Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology (한국농림기상학회지)

Korean Society of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology (한국농림기상학회)
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The Quantitative Analysis of Cooling Effect by Urban Forests in Summer

여름철 도시 인근 산림에 의한 냉각효과의 정량화에 대한 연구

  • Lee, Hojin (Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University) ;
  • Cho, Seongsik (Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Seoul National University) ;
  • Kang, Minseok (National Center for AgroMeteorology) ;
  • Kim, Joon (Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Seoul National University) ;
  • Lee, Hoontaek (Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University) ;
  • Lee, Minsu (Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University) ;
  • Jeon, Jihyeon (Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University) ;
  • Yi, Chaeyeon (Research Center of Atmosphere Environment, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies) ;
  • Janicke, Britta (Applied Meteorology Research Division, National Institute of Meteorological Sciences) ;
  • Cho, Changbeom (Applied Meteorology Research Division, National Institute of Meteorological Sciences) ;
  • Kim, Kyu Rang (Applied Meteorology Research Division, National Institute of Meteorological Sciences) ;
  • Kim, Baekjo (Applied Meteorology Research Division, National Institute of Meteorological Sciences) ;
  • Kim, Hyunseok (Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University)
  • 이호진 (서울대학교 산림과학부 산림환경학전공) ;
  • 조성식 (서울대학교 협동과정 농림기상학전공) ;
  • 강민석 (국가농림기상센터) ;
  • 김준 (서울대학교 협동과정 농림기상학전공) ;
  • 이훈택 (서울대학교 산림과학부 산림환경학전공) ;
  • 이민수 (서울대학교 산림과학부 산림환경학전공) ;
  • 전지현 (서울대학교 산림과학부 산림환경학전공) ;
  • 이채연 (한국외국어대학교 대기환경연구센터) ;
  • ;
  • 조창범 (국립기상과학원 응용기상연구과) ;
  • 김규랑 (국립기상과학원 응용기상연구과) ;
  • 김백조 (국립기상과학원 응용기상연구과) ;
  • 김현석 (서울대학교 산림과학부 산림환경학전공)
  • Received : 2018.02.18
  • Accepted : 2018.03.16
  • Published : 2018.03.30
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Abstract

A variety of micro meteorological variables such as air temperature, wind, solar radiation and latent heat at Gwangneung forests (conifer and broadleaved forests) and AWS (Automated Weather Station) of Pocheon urban area were used to quantify the air temperature reduction effect of forests, which is considered to be an eco-friendly solution for reducing the urban heat island intensity during summer. In June, July and August of 2016 and 2017, the average maximum air temperature differences between above and below canopy of forests, and between the forests and urban areas were $-1.9^{\circ}C$ and $-3.4^{\circ}C$ respectively, and they occurred at 17:00. However, there was no difference between conifer and broadleaved forests. The effect of air temperature reduction by the forests was positively correlated with accumulated evapotranspiration and solar radiation from 14:00 to 17:00 and showed a negative correlation with wind speed. We have developed a model to quantify the effect of air temperature reduction by forests using these variables. The nighttime air temperature reduction effect by forests was due to the generation of cold air from radiative cooling and the air temperature inversion phenomenon that occurs when the generated cold air moves down the side of mountain. The model was evaluated in Seoul by using 28 AWSs. The evaluation shows that the air temperature of each district in Seoul was negatively correlated with the area and size of the surrounding tall vegetation that drives vegetation evapotranspiration during the day. During the night, however, the size of the surrounding tall vegetation and the elevations of nearby mountains were the main influencing factors on the air temperature. Our research emphasizes the importance of the establishment and management of urban forests and the composition of wind roads from mountains for urban air temperature reduction.

여름철 도시의 친환경적 기온 저감 방안으로 고려되는 산림에 의한 기온 저감 효과를 정량화 하기 위해 광릉 침 활엽수림과 인근 포천시의 도시 지역과의 기온차를 기온, 바람, 일사, 잠열 등의 미기상 인자를 이용하여 분석하였다. 2016년과 2017년의 6, 7, 8월 3개월 동안 산림 상 하부와 산림과 도심 지역의 평균 최대 기온차는 각각 $-1.9^{\circ}C$, $-3.4^{\circ}C$로 17시경에 나타났으며, 침 활엽수림 간의 차이는 없었다. 산림에 의한 기온 저감 효과는 14시부터 17시까지 누적된 증발산량, 일사량과 양의 상관관계를 나타냈으며, 풍속과는 음의 상관관계를 나타냈다. 이를 이용해 산림의 기온저감 효과를 정량화하는 모델을 개발하였다. 산림에 의한 야간 기온 저감 효과는 복사냉각으로 인한 찬공기의 생성과 생성된 찬공기가 산지의 하류로 이동하면서 발생하는 기온역전 현상에 의한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과를 서울시내 28개 AWS를 이용해 검증해 본 결과, 서울시 각 지역 주간의 기온은 식생의 증발산에 영향을 미치는 AWS 주변 식생 면적 및 규모와의 음의 상관관계를, 그리고 야간의 기온은 주변 식생 규모 및 인근 산림의 높이와 유의한 음의 상관관계를 재확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 도시림의 조성과 관리 및 산으로부터 바람길의 조성이 도시 온도 저감에 중요함을 알 수 있다.

Keywords

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