Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship (벤처창업연구)

The Korean Society of Business Venturing (한국벤처창업학회)
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The Moderating Effects of Gender and Major on the Relationship Between Entrepreneurial Orientation and Entrepreneurial Intention

대학생의 기업가정신이 창업의도에 미치는 영향: 성별 및 전공의 조절효과를 중심으로

  • Bae, Byung Yun (Graduate School of G. B. Entrepreneurship, Yonsei University) ;
  • Lee, Joo-Heon (College of Business & Government, Yonsei University)
  • Received : 2018.11.01
  • Accepted : 2018.12.25
  • Published : 2018.12.31
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Abstract

Youth unemployment including college graduates has become more serious in recent years. It is very necessary to study the factors affecting entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial intentions. These days, the number of female entrepreneurs has been increased dramatically. There have been many successful entrepreneurs with technology background in Korea. Until now, there have been not so many empirical studies examining moderating effects of gender and college major. A lot of studies have examined the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial intention of college students. The purpose of this article is to examine gender and major as moderators in the relationship. Until now, there has been very few research investigating the moderating effects of gender and major on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial intention. Survey questionaries were given to 400 college students randomly chosen in Gangwon-do. Finally, 334 surveys were used to analyze the relationship. The findings of our study are as follows. First, similar to previous studies, entrepreneurial orientation of college students has a positive effect on entrepreneurial intention. Second, participation both in school entrepreneurship courses and out of school entrepreneurship education does positively affect entrepreneurial intention. Gender and major are moderating variables between entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial intention. Third, compared to male students, female students with low entrepreneurial orientation show much lower entrepreneurial intention. Fourth, compared to Non-STEM students, STEM students with low entrepreneurial orientation show much lower entrepreneurial intention. Thus, in order to improve entrepreneurial intention among college students, it is very important to develop entrepreneurial orientation, especially for female and STEM college students.

한국 대학졸업자들의 실업은 최근 아주 심각한 수준인데 이들의 기업가정신 및 창업의도를 진작시킬 수 있는 요인을 찾아내는 연구는 매우 필요하다. 여성창업자과 이공계창업자들이 점점 늘어나고 있는데 반해 성별과 전공의 차이에 따른 창업관련 변수들의 차이를 검증한 실증연구는 아직 부족한 편이다. 본 연구의 목적은 대학생의 기업가정신이 창업의도에 미치는 영향을 분석하고 이들 관계에서 성별과 전공(이공계, 비이공계)의 조절효과를 검증하는 것이다. 국내외를 통해 기업가정신의 다양한 요인들과 창업의도 간의 관계에 대해서는 수많은 연구가 발표되었다. 하지만, 기업가정신과 창업의도의 관계에서 성별과 전공(이공계, 비이공계)의 조절효과를 검증한 논문은 매우 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 강원지역 대학생들을 대상으로 400부의 설문지가 배포되었고 결측치를 제외한 339부가 최종적으로 분석에 사용되었다. 본 실증분석을 통해 밝혀진 내용은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 많은 선행 실증연구에서 확인한 바와 같이 대학생의 기업가정신은 창업의도에 정(+)의 영향을 미칠 것이라는 가설이 지지됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 둘째, 대학생의 기업가정신이 창업의도에 미치는 영향에 있어서 성별의 차이가 있음을 확인하였다. 기업가정신이 남녀 모두에 있어 창업의도에 정(+)의 상관관계를 가지지만 그 영향력은 남성에 비해 여성이 더 크다는 것을 확인하였다. 셋째, 대학생의 기업가정신과 창업의도와의 관계에서 전공(이공계, 비이공계)의 조절효과를 확인하였다. 기업가정신이 창업의도에 미치는 영향력이 비이공계 전공 대학생보다 이공계 전공 대학생이 더 크다는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서, 여성과 이공계 대학생의 기업가정신을 진작하는 것이 효과적이라는 시사점을 도출할 수 있었다.

Keywords

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