Toxicological Research

Korean Society of Toxicology & Korea Environmental Mutagen Society (한국독성학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of 7-MEGATM 500 on Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Skin Regeneration in H2O2-Treated Skin Cells

  • Song, In-Bong (Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Gu, Hyejung (Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Han, Hye-Ju (Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Lee, Na-Young (R&D Team, Food & Supplement Health Claims) ;
  • Cha, Ji-Yun (R&D Team, Food & Supplement Health Claims) ;
  • Son, Yeon-Kyong (R&D Team, Food & Supplement Health Claims) ;
  • Kwon, Jungkee (Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University)
  • Received : 2017.11.14
  • Accepted : 2018.02.21
  • Published : 2018.04.15
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Environmental stimuli can lead to the excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is one of the risk factors for premature skin aging. Here, we investigated the protective effects of $7-MEGA^{TM}$ 500 (50% palmitoleic acid, 7-MEGA) against oxidative stress-induced cellular damage and its underlying therapeutic mechanisms in the HaCaT human skin keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT cells). Our results showed that treatment with 7-MEGA prior to hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)-induced damage significantly increased the viability of HaCaT cells. 7-MEGA effectively attenuated generation of $H_2O_2$-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), and inhibited $H_2O_2$-induced inflammatory factors, such as prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$), tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$), and $interleukin-1{\beta}$ ($IL-1{\beta}$). In addition, cells treated with 7-MEGA exhibited significantly decreased expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and increased expression of procollagen type 1 (PCOL1) and Elastin against oxidative stress by $H_2O_2$. Interestingly, these protective activities of 7-MEGA were similar in scope and of a higher magnitude than those seen with 98.5% palmitoleic acid (PA) obtained from Sigma when given at the same concentration (100 nL/mL). According to our data, 7-MEGA is able to protect HaCaT cells from $H_2O_2$-induced damage through inhibiting cellular oxidative stress and inflammation. Moreover, 7-MEGA may affect skin elasticity maintenance and improve skin wrinkles. These findings indicate that 7-MEGA may be useful as a food supplement for skin health.

Keywords

References

  1. Fisher, G.J. (2002) Mechanisms of photoaging and chronological skin aging. Arch. Dermatol., 138, 1462-1470.
  2. Halliwell, B. and Gutteridge, J.M. (1985) The importance of free radicals and catalytic metal ions in human diseases. Mol. Aspects Med., 8, 89-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-2997(85)90001-9
  3. Ozben, T. (2007) Oxidative stress and apoptosis: impact on cancer therapy. J. Pharm. Sci., 96, 2181-2196. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.20874
  4. Otton, R., Marin, D.P., Bolin, A.P., de Cassia Santos Macedo, R., Campoio, T.R., Fineto, C., Jr., Guerra, B.A., Leite, J.R., Barros, M.P. and Mattei, R. (2012) Combined fish oil and astaxanthin supplementation modulates rat lymphocyte function. Eur. J. Nutr., 51, 707-718. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-011-0250-z
  5. Calder, P.C. (2008) Polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammatory processes and inflammatory bowel diseases. Mol. Nutr. Food Res., 52, 885-897. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.200700289
  6. Bazan, N.G. (2007) Omega-3 fatty acids, pro-inflammatory signaling and neuroprotection. Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care, 10, 136-141. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0b013e32802b7030
  7. Park, J.M., Kwon, S.H., Han, Y.M., Hahm, K.B. and Kim, E.H. (2013) Omega-3 polyunsaturated Fatty acids as potential chemopreventive agent for gastrointestinal cancer. J. Cancer Prev., 18, 201-208. https://doi.org/10.15430/JCP.2013.18.3.201
  8. Whigham, L.D., Watras, A.C. and Schoeller, D.A. (2007) Efficacy of conjugated linoleic acid for reducing fat mass: a meta-analysis in humans. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 85, 1203-1211. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/85.5.1203
  9. Finucane, O.M., Lyons, C.L., Murphy, A.M., Reynolds, C.M., Klinger, R., Healy, N.P., Cooke, A.A., Coll, R.C., McAllan, L., Nilaweera, K.N., O'Reilly, M.E., Tierney, A.C., Morine, M.J., Alcala-Diaz, J.F., Lopez-Miranda, J., O'Connor, D.P., O'Neill, L.A., McGillicuddy, F.C. and Roche, H.M. (2015) Monounsaturated fatty acid-enriched high-fat diets impede adipose NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL-$1{\beta}$ secretion and insulin resistance despite obesity. Diabetes, 64, 2116-2128. https://doi.org/10.2337/db14-1098
  10. Maguire, L.S., O'Sullivan, S.M., Galvin, K., O'Connor, T.P. and O'Brien, N.M. (2004) Fatty acid profile, tocopherol, squalene and phytosterol content of walnuts, almonds, peanuts, hazelnuts and the macadamia nut. Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr., 55, 171-178. https://doi.org/10.1080/09637480410001725175
  11. Anderson, M.M., Hazen, S.L., Hsu, F.F. and Heinecke, J.W. (1997) Human neutrophils employ the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-chloride system to convert hydroxy-amino acids into glycolaldehyde, 2-hydroxypropanal, and acrolein. A mechanism for the generation of highly reactive alpha-hydroxy and alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes by phagocytes at sites of inflammation. J. Clin. Invest., 99, 424-432. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI119176
  12. Souza, C.O., Teixeira, A.A.S., Lima, E.A., Batatinha, H.A.P., Gomes, L.M., Carvalho-Silva, M., Mota, I.T., Streck, E.L., Hirabara, S.M. and Rosa Neto, J.C. (2014) Palmitoleic acid (n-7) attenuates the immunometabolic disturbances caused by a high-fat diet independently of PPARalpha. Mediators Inflamm., 2014, 582197.
  13. Furuno, K., Akasako, T. and Sugihara, N. (2002) The contribution of the pyrogallol moiety to the superoxide radical scavenging activity of flavonoids. Biol. Pharm. Bull., 25, 19-23. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.25.19
  14. Babior, B. M. (2000) Phagocytes and oxidative stress. Am. J. Med., 109, 33-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9343(00)00481-2
  15. Slater, T. F. (1984) Free-radical mechanisms in tissue injury. Biochem J., 222, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2220001
  16. Shanker, G., Syversen, T., Aschner, J.L. and Aschner, M. (2005) Modulatory effect of glutathione status and antioxidants on methylmercury-induced free radical formation in primary cultures of cerebral astrocytes. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res., 137, 11-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molbrainres.2005.02.006
  17. Wu, Q., Li, H., Qiu, J. and Feng, H. (2014) Betulin protects mice from bacterial pneumonia and acute lung injury. Microb. Pathog., 75, 21-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2014.08.005
  18. Choi, W.S., Shin, P.G., Lee, J.H. and Kim, G.D. (2012) The regulatory effect of veratric acid on NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Cell. Immunol., 280, 164-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cellimm.2012.12.007
  19. Raz, A., Wyche, A., Siegel, N. and Needleman, P. (1988) Regulation of fibroblast cyclooxygenase synthesis by interleukin-1. J. Biol. Chem., 263, 3022-3028.
  20. Feldman, M., Taylor, P., Paleolog, E., Brennan, F.M. and Maini, R.N. (1998) Anti-TNF alpha therapy is useful in rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease: analysis of the mechanism of action predicts utility in other diseases. Transplant. Proc., 30, 4126-4127. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0041-1345(98)01365-7
  21. Stetler-Stevenson, W.G. and Yu, A.E. (2001) Proteases in invasion: matrix metalloproteinases. Semin. Cancer Biol., 11, 143-152. https://doi.org/10.1006/scbi.2000.0365
  22. Vincenti, M.P., White, L.A., Schroen, D.J., Benbow, U. and Brinckerhoff, C.E. (1996) Regulating expression of the gene for matrix metalloproteinase-1 (collagenase): mechanisms that control enzyme activity, transcription, and mRNA stability. Crit. Rev. Eukaryot. Gene Expr., 6, 391-411. https://doi.org/10.1615/CritRevEukarGeneExpr.v6.i4.40
  23. Quan, T., Qin, Z., Xia, W., Shao, Y., Voorhees, J.J. and Fisher, G.J. (2009) Matrix-degrading metalloproteinases in photoaging. J. Investig. Dermatol. Symp. Proc., 14, 20-24. https://doi.org/10.1038/jidsymp.2009.8
  24. Pentland, A.P., Shapiro, S.D. and Welgus, H.G. (1995) Agonist-induced expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases and metalloproteinases by human macrophages is regulated by endogenous prostaglandin E2 synthesis. J. Invest. Dermatol., 104, 52-57. https://doi.org/10.1111/1523-1747.ep12613488
  25. Mauviel, A., Halcin, C., Vasiloudes, P., Parks, W.C., Kurkinen, M. and Uitto, J. (1994) Uncoordinate regulation of collagenase, stromelysin, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases genes by prostaglandin E2: selective enhancement of collagenase gene expression in human dermal fibroblasts in culture. J. Cell. Biochem., 54, 465-472. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240540413
  26. Talwar, H.S., Griffiths, C.E., Fisher, G.J., Hamilton, T.A. and Voorhees, J.J. (1995) Reduced type I and type III procollagens in photodamaged adult human skin. J. Invest. Dermatol., 105, 285-290. https://doi.org/10.1111/1523-1747.ep12318471
  27. Xu, Q., Hou, W., Zheng, Y., Liu, C., Gong, Z., Lu, C., Lai, W. and Maibach, H.I. (2014) Ultraviolet A-induced cathepsin K expression is mediated via MAPK/AP-1 pathway in human dermal fibroblasts. PLoS ONE, 9, e102732. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102732