The Journal of Engineering Geology (지질공학)

The Korean Society of Engineering Geology (대한지질공학회)
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Numerical Modeling of the Effect of Sand Dam on Groundwater Flow

  • Yifru, Bisrat (Department of Land, Water and Environment Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology / University of Science and Technology) ;
  • Kim, Min-Gyu (Department of Land, Water and Environment Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology) ;
  • Chang, Sun Woo (Department of Land, Water and Environment Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Senior Researcher / University of Science and Technology) ;
  • Lee, Jeongwoo (Department of Land, Water and Environment Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology) ;
  • Chung, Il-Moon (Department of Land, Water and Environment Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Senior Research Fellow / University of Science and Technology)
  • Received : 2018.10.24
  • Accepted : 2018.12.13
  • Published : 2018.12.31
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Abstract

Sand dam is a flow barrier commonly built on small or medium size sandy rivers to accumulate sand and store excess water for later use or increase the water table. The effectiveness of sand dam in increasing the water table and the amount of extractable groundwater is tested using numerical models. Two models are developed to test the hypothesis. The first model is to simulate the groundwater flow in a pseudo-natural aquifer system with the hydraulically connected river. The second model, a modified version of the first model, is constructed with a sand dam, which raises the riverbed by 2 m. In both models, the effect of groundwater abstraction is tested by varying the pumping rate. As the model results show the groundwater after the construction of the sand dam has increased significantly and the amount of extractable groundwater is also increased by many folds. Most importantly, in the second model, unlike the pseudo-natural aquifer system, the groundwater abstraction does not have a significant effect on the water table.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. Schematics of sand dam hydrology and basic components (Modified from Borst and Haas, 2006).

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Fig. 2. Dimensions and boundary conditions of the models: (a) before the construction of the sand dam, (b) after the construction of the sand dam.

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Fig. 4. Cross-sectional view of the model before the construction of a sand dam at 8.5 m3/day pumping rate.

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Fig. 5. A cross-sectional view of the model after the construction of a sand dam at the minimum pumping rates

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Fig. 6. Model result of an aquifer with the sand dam at the end of the simulation.

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Fig. 7. Comparison of the water table in the model area: (a) before sand dam (pseudo-natural aquifer), (b) after the construction of the sand dam.

Fig. 3. A cross-sectional view of the model before the construction of a sand dam at 1 m3/day pumping rate.

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Table 1. Dimensions and hydrogeological characterstics of the models

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Table 2. Flow budget of the model at time step 1 stress period 2

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Table 3. Flow budget of the model at time step 365 stress period 12

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Table 4. Flow budget of the second model at time step 1 stress period 2

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Table 5. Flow budget of the second model at time step 365, stress period 12

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