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Applicability of UAV in Urban Thermal Environment Analysis

도시 내 열환경 분석에서 무인항공기의 활용가능성

  • Kang, Da-In (National Institute of Ecology, Bureau of Ecological Research) ;
  • Moon, Ho-Gyeong (National Institute of Ecology, Bureau of Ecological Research) ;
  • Sung, Sun-Yong (National Institute of Ecology, Bureau of Ecological Survey Assessment) ;
  • Cha, Jae-Gyu (National Institute of Ecology, Bureau of Ecological Research)
  • 강다인 (국립생태원 생태연구본부) ;
  • 문호경 (국립생태원 생태연구본부) ;
  • 성선용 (국립생태원 생태조사평가본부) ;
  • 차재규 (국립생태원 생태연구본부)
  • Received : 2018.01.25
  • Accepted : 2018.03.20
  • Published : 2018.04.30

Abstract

Urban heat islands occur due to increases in the extent of artificial surfaces such as concrete, asphalt and high-rise buildings. In this regard, research into the use of satellite thermal infrared images for thermal environment analysis of urban areas is being carried out. However, such analysis of the characteristics of individual land cover with low-resolution satellite images suffers from limitations because land cover patterns in urban areas are complicated. Recently, UAV has been widely used, which can compensate for this limitation as it is able to acquire high-resolution images. In this paper, the accuracy of UAV infrared images is verified and the applicability of UAV in urban thermal environment analysis is examined by comparing the results with land surface temperatures from Landsat 8 thermal images. The results show a high positive correlation of temperature values at 0.95, and no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Comparisons of land surface temperature according to land cover showed that the largest difference observed was $4.63^{\circ}C$ in the Used area, and UAV images with small cell units reflected various surface temperatures. Furthermore, it was possible to analyze the surface temperatures of various green spaces such as wetlands and street tree areas, which can lower surface temperatures in urban areas, with street tree shadows reducing surface temperatures by about $4-6^{\circ}C$. UAV can easily and rapidly measure the surface temperature of urban areas and is able to analyze various types of green spaces. Thus, this is an effective tool for thermal environment analysis in urban areas to aid in the design or management of urban green spaces, as it can allow for land cover and the effects of the various green spaces.

도시는 콘크리트, 아스팔트 등 인공적인 피복과 고층 건물의 증가로 인해 열섬현상이 발생되고 있다. 이와 관련하여 인공위성 열적외 영상을 활용한 도시의 열환경 분석에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 그러나 복잡한 토지피복을 가진 도시의 열환경 특성을 분석하기에는 위성영상의 공간해상도는 한계를 가지고 있다. 무인항공기(UAV)는 높은 해상도의 영상을 취득할 수 있어 이러한 한계점을 보완하기에 적절하며, 최근 폭넓게 활용되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 무인항공기 열적외 영상의 정확성 검증과 Landsat 8 열적외 영상과의 해상도 비교를 통한 도시 내 열환경 분석에서 활용가능성에 대해 검토하였다. 정확성 검증 결과, 온도 값의 상관성은 0.95로 높은 양의 상관관계를 보였고, 두 집단의 통계적 차이가 없었다. 해상도 비교를 위한 두 영상의 지표온도의 차이 분석 결과, 시가화 지역이 $4.63^{\circ}C$로 가장 높은 차이를 보였으며, 셀 단위가 작은 무인항공기영상이 다양한 지표온도를 반영하였다. 온도 그래프 비교 결과, 도시의 지표온도를 낮출 수 있는 습지, 가로녹지 등의 세부적인 공간의 지표온도 분석이 가능하였고, 가로수 그림자의 지표온도저감 효과 분석 결과, 약 $4{\sim}6^{\circ}C$ 가량 낮추는 것으로 나타났다. 무인항공기는 세부적인 공간의 분석이 가능하였고, 단시간에 일정 면적의 지표온도를 취득하기 용이하였다. 따라서 무인항공기는 피복을 고려한 공원의 조성이나 관리, 소규모 녹지의 효과 분석 등 도시 내 열환경 분석 전반에 걸쳐 높은 활용성을 가질 것이라 판단된다.

Keywords

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