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Exploring Changes in College Students' Perceptions of Science and Scientists through a Documentary Focused on Their Daily Lives and Research

과학자들의 일상과 연구과정을 다룬 다큐멘터리를 통한 대학생들의 과학 및 과학자에 대한 인식변화 탐색

  • Received : 2018.03.21
  • Accepted : 2018.04.27
  • Published : 2018.04.30

Abstract

In spite of a growing number of recent studies that indicate students are coming to view scientists with more varied images, the stereotypical image of scientists remains in many students' minds. In this study, the authors explore how college students change their perceptions of science and scientists through the use of a documentary that focuses on scientists' daily lives, including laboratory life, and their emotional ups-and-downs. We analyzed 109 college students' essays on perceptions about scientists after watching the documentary. As a result, 64.2% of the college students declared that there was a change in their perception of scientists. The students' new perceptions of science and scientists are as follows: 1) scientists undergo emotional ups-and-downs just like any normal person; 2) scientists experience numerous failures while researching; 3) science does not have a fixed answer and scientists undertake research with creativity; 4) scientists conduct research in collaboration, but also in highly competitive environments; 5) scientists are often frustrated with their socio-economic status. The students' previous perceptions on science and scientists were mainly stereotypical ones that have been reported in previous studies. In addition, of the other college students who did not change their perceptions, the majority declared that they have new perceptions such as 1) - 5). Only a small percentage of students (7.3%) had unchanged stereotypical perceptions. These results are interpreted as that college students relatively easily change their stereotypical images of scientists after watching the documentary but, alternatively, the results can be interpreted that the most stereotypical images of college students are not perceptions that form a deep impression, but rather they are simply depictions of representative images of scientists given from outside sources (e.g. the mass media and school).

과학 및 과학자에 대한 인식을 조사하는 선행 연구에서 대상 및 국가를 넘어 공통적으로 드러나는 정형적 이미지가 있다고 보고되었다. 최근 연구에서는 연구 참여자 및 조사 도구에 따라 몇몇 새로운 이미지가 제시되지만 아직 정형적 이미지가 주도적으로 나타난다고 보고된다. 이에 본 연구는 과학자들의 일상과 연구과정을 담은 다큐멘터리를 맥락으로 하여 대학생들의 과학 및 과학자에 대한 인식을 구체적으로 탐색하고 인식변화의 경로를 추적해 보고자 하였다. 여기서 활용한 다큐멘터리에는 오랜 기간 실제 과학자들을 촬영하여 제작한 것으로 다양한 과학자들이 등장할 뿐 아니라 과학연구와 함께 개별 과학자들의 일상적인 삶을 조명하며 그들의 모습을 다각적으로 담아내었다. 연구 참여자들은 총 109명의 대학생(인문계열 33명, 자연계열 35명, 사회계열 41명)으로 과학기술관련 교양 수업에서 해당 다큐멘터리를 시청하고 과학 및 과학자에 대한 인식이 어떻게 변화하였는지에 대한 내용을 중심으로 에세이를 작성하였다. 연구 결과, 다수(70명, 64.2%)의 학생이 인식변화가 있었다고 보고하였고 그들 중 대부분은 다큐멘터리를 계기로 과학자에 대한 정형적 이미지에서 보다 현실적인 인식으로 변화하였다. 과학 및 과학자에 대한 현실적인 인식으로는 1) 감정기복을 겪는 평범한 일반인, 2) 반복되는 실패에도 인내심을 가지고 목표에 매진, 3) 지식의 최전선에서 창의성을 발휘, 4) 협력과 경쟁의 공존, 5) 경제적 현실적 장벽에 좌절하는 모습이 나타났다. 또한, 인식변화가 없다고 보고한 학생들(39명, 35.8%) 중 다수가 원래부터 과학자에 대한 현실적 인식을 가지고 있었다고 서술하였다. 결국, 전체 연구 참여자 중에서 소수의 학생들만이(8명, 7.3%) 과학자에 대한 정형적 이미지를 고수하였다. 이를 해석하면 대학생들이 갖는 과학자에 대한 정형적 이미지는 과학자들의 현실적 모습을 담은 다큐멘터리를 시청하였을 때 상대적으로 쉽게 변할 수 있는 것으로 보인다. 또한 이 결과는 대학생들이 서술하는 과학자에 대한 정형적 이미지가 내적으로 깊은 인상을 형성하는 인식 내용이기보다는, 외부에서(예, 학교 및 대중 매체 등) 주어지는 과학자에 대한 대표적인 특징을 단순히 보고하거나 묘사하는 것일 수 있다고 추론해볼 수 있다. 본 연구를 통하여 학생들의 과학자에 대한 인식 내용뿐 아니라 미묘한 인식 차원도 고려해볼 수 있었다.

Keywords

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