Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene (한국산업보건학회지)

Korean Industrial Hygiene Association (한국산업보건학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Recommendation of an Occupational Exposure Limit and Legal Control Following an Acute Hepatotoxicity Incident from HCFC-123

HCFC-123의 급성 독성간질환 발생 사례에 따른 노출기준 및 법 관리 필요성 권고

  • Received : 2018.01.10
  • Accepted : 2018.03.09
  • Published : 2018.03.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objectives: This study was performed to propose a domestic occupational exposure limit(OEL) following a health hazard assessment, calculation of a non-carcinogenicity reference concentration worker($RfC_{worker}$) value, and examination of international agencies' exposure limits. It also recommends legal management within the Occupational Safety and Health Act for HCFC-123, which caused an acute hepatotoxicity incident. Methods: An acute hepatotoxicity incident due to the fire extinguishing agent HCFC-123 was investigated. Toxicological hazard and health hazard classifications were examined and a non-carcinogenicity $RfC_{worker}$ value was calculated for HCFC-123. An OEL and the necessity of legal management were recommended as well. Results and Conclusions: An OEL for HCFC-123 of 10 ppm($62.5mg/m^3$), which considered the $RfC_{worker}$ value, 5.56 ppm, produced in dose-response assessment and the exposure level of 19.1-20.9 ppm measured as an eight-hour TWA(time-weighted average) in the incident place, is recommended. HCFC-123 is urged to be included as a chemical requiring legal management in the Occupational Safety and Health Regulations. In addition, it is recommended that a peak exposure of ACGIH be adopted in the Notice of the Ministry of Employment and Labor.

Keywords

References

  1. ACGIH(American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienist). Threshold limit values(TLVs) for chemical and physical agents, and biological exposure indices. ACGIH, Cincinnati, Ohio; 2016
  2. AIHA(American Industrial Hygiene Association). Workplace environmental exposure levels(WEELs) values(2011). 2011
  3. Chung KS, Ahn YS, Go MS. Toxic hepatitis by chloroform and HCFC-123. Conferences of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Medicine(KSOEM). 2010
  4. DFG(German Research Foundation). MAK collection for occupational health and safety. 2017. 12. Available from: URL:http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/3527600418.mbe30683/full
  5. ECETOC(European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals). Joint Assessment of Commodity Chemicals(JACC) Report No. 47(1,1-Dichloro-2,2,2- trifluoroethane) (ISSN-0773-6339-47)(Third edition). 2005
  6. EU EC(European Union European Commission). Commission regulation(EC) No. 1272/2008 of the european parliament and of the council on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures(CLP). 2009
  7. EU ECHA(European Union European Chemicals Agency). CLP-harmonised classification and labelling(CLH). 2017. 12. Available from: URL:https://echa.europa.eu/regulations/clp/understanding-clp
  8. EU ECHA(European Union European Chemicals Agency). Technical guidance document on risk assessment. 2003
  9. Finland MoSH(Ministry of Social and Health). HTP values 2016(Known to be harmful concentrations). Publications of the Ministry of Social and Health. 2016
  10. Hall GT. Acute inhalation toxicity of Freon 123. Unpublished report HLR 426-75. Haskell Laboratory for Toxicology and Industrial Medicine. Du Pont de Nemours, Newark, Delaware, USA. 1975
  11. Harris JW, Poul LR, Anders MW. Tissue acylation by the chlorofluorocarbon substitute 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1- trifluoroethane. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1991; 88: 1407-1410 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.88.4.1407
  12. Henry JE. Acute oral test on FC-123. Unpublished report 638-75. Haskell Laboratory for Toxicology and Industrial Medicine. Du Pont de Nemours, Newark, Delaware, USA. 1975
  13. Hoet P, Graf LM, Bourdi M et al. Epidemic of liver disease caused by hydroflurocarbons used as ozone-sparing substitutes of chlorofluorocarbons. The Lancet. 1997; 350: 556-559 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(97)03094-8
  14. JSOH(Japan Society for Occupational Health). Recommendation of occupational exposure limits. 2017
  15. Kan YM, Lau CF, Chan WC et al. An outbreak of refrigerant-induced acute hepatitis in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Med J. 2014; 20(6): 548-551 https://doi.org/10.12809/hkmj134012
  16. KOSHA(Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency). Chemical information. 2017. 12. Available from: URL:http://msds.kosha.or.kr/kcic/msdssearchAll.do
  17. KOSHA(Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency). Guidance for the hazard and risk assessment of chemical substances. KOSHA guide (W-6-2015). 2015
  18. Lee KS, Lee HJ, Jo JH. The Recommendations for the management levels in Occupational Safety and Health Act(OSHA) and additional enactment of occupational exposure limits(OELs) chemicals. KOSHA OSHRI (2015-1103). 2015
  19. Lim CH, Yang JS, Park SY. A harmonized method for dose-response risk assessment based on the hazard & risk evaluation of chemicals(HREC) according to the industrial safety and health act(ISHA). Korean Soc Occup Environ Hyg, 2012: 22(3): 175-183
  20. Marit GB, Dodd DE, George ME, Vinegar A. Hepatotoxicity in guinea pigs following acute inhalation exposure to 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane. Toxicol Pathol. 1994; 22: 404-414 https://doi.org/10.1177/019262339402200406
  21. MoE(Ministry Of Environment). Act on the regulation of manufacture of specified substances for the protection of the ozone layer. 2017a
  22. MoE(Ministry Of Environment). Enforcement decree of the act on the restriction of manufacture of specified substances for the protection of the ozone layer, 2017b
  23. MoE(Ministry Of Environment). Enforcement regulations of the act on the regulation, etc. Of manufacture of specified substances for the protection of the ozone layer. 2017c
  24. MoEL(Ministry of Employment and Labor). Enforcement rule of the occupational safety and health act. 2017a
  25. MoEL(Ministry of Employment and Labor). Exposure limits for chemical substances and physical agents(MoEL Public Notice No. 2016-41). 2016
  26. MoEL(Ministry of Employment and Labor). Hcfc-123 toxic hepatitis disaster prevention measures. 2017b
  27. MoEL(Ministry of Employment and Labor). Occupational safety and health act. 2017c
  28. MoEL(Ministry of Employment and Labor). Regulations on occupational safety and health standards. 2017d
  29. NITE(National Institute of Technology and Evaluation). Chemicals management-GHS classification results. 2017.12. Available from: URL:http://www.safe.nite.go. jp/ghs/ghs_download.html
  30. OSHRI (Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute). Report on the investigation result of toxic hepatitis by fire extinguishing agent HCFC-123. 2017
  31. PAFT(Programme for Alternative Fluorocarbon Toxicity Testing). HCFC 123: 28 day inhalation study to assess changes in rat liver and plasma(Imperial Chemical Industries). Central Toxicology Laboratories Report No CTL/T/2706. 1990
  32. Takebayashi T, Kabe I, Endo Y et al. Acute liver dysfunction among workers exposed to 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1- trifluoroethane(HCFC-123):a case report. J Occup Health. 1998; 40: 169-170 https://doi.org/10.1539/joh.40.169
  33. Trochimowicz HJ. The toxicology of HCFC-123 (2,2- dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane). Presented at the 1989 European meeting of the toxicology forum held september 19-22 at toulouse, France, pp 182-190. Societe Francaise de Toxicologie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Conseil regional midipyrenees et ecole nationale veterinaire, toulouse, France. 1989
  34. UN(United National). Globally harmonized system of classification and labeling of chemical(GHS). St/Sg/Ac. 10/30/Rev.7, 2017
  35. US EPA(Environmental Protection Agency). A review of the reference dose and Reference concentration processes. EPA/630/P-02/002F, 2002