Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer (한국토양비료학회지)

Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer (한국토양비료학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Assessment of Heavy Metal(loid)s Pollution in Arable Soils near Industrial Complex in Gyeongsang Provinces of South Korea

  • Kim, Yong Gyun (Department of Life science & Environmental Biochemistry, Pusan National University) ;
  • Lee, Hyun Ho (Department of Life science & Environmental Biochemistry, Pusan National University) ;
  • Park, Hye Jin (Department of Life science & Environmental Biochemistry, Pusan National University) ;
  • Hong, Chang Oh (Department of Life science & Environmental Biochemistry, Pusan National University)
  • Received : 2018.06.04
  • Accepted : 2018.06.04
  • Published : 2018.05.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Industrial complex releasing huge amounts of dusts, fumes and wastewater containing heavy metal(loid)s could be a source of heavy metal(loid)s pollution in arable soil. Heavy metal(loid)s pollution in arable soil adversely affect crops safety, subsequently human being. Hence, it is important to accurately assess the heavy metal(loid)s pollution in soil using pollution indices. The objectives of this study are 1) to compare assessment methods of heavy metal(loid)s pollution in arable soils located near industrial complex in Gyeongsang provinces and 2) to determine the relationship between concentration of plant available heavy metal(loid)s and chemical properties of soil. Soil samples were collected from 85 sites of arable lands nearby 10 industrial complex in Gyeongsang provinces. The average total concentration of all heavy metal(loid)s of the studied soils was higher than that of Korean arable soils but did not exceed the warning criteria established by the Soil Environmental Conservation Act of Korea. Only six sites of arable soils for the total concentration of As, Cu and Ni exceeded the warning criteria (As: $25mg\;kg^{-1}$, Cu: $150mg\;kg^{-1}$, Ni: $100mg\;kg^{-1}$). The contamination factor (CF) and geoaccumulation index ($I_{geo}$) of the heavy metal(loid)s in arable soils varied among the sampling sites, and the average values of As and Cd were relatively higher than that of other metals. Results of integrated indices of As and Cd in arable soils located near industrial complex indicated that some arable soils were moderately or heavily polluted. The plant available concentration of heavy metal(loid)s was negatively related to the soil pH and negative charge of soil. Available Cd, Pb, and Zn concentrations had relatively high correlation coefficient with pH and negative charge of soil when compared with other heavy metal(loid)s. Based on the above results, it might be a good soil management to control pH with soil amendments such as lime and compost to reduce phytoavailability of heavy metal(loid)s in arable soil located near industrial complex.

Keywords

References

  1. Adriano, D.C. 2001. Trace elements in terrestrial environments, biogeochemistry, bioavailability and the risks of metals. 2nd edition. New York: Springer Verlag.
  2. Bolan, N.S., D.C. Adriano, P. Duraisamy, and A. Mani. 2003. Immobilization and phytoavailability of cadmium in variable charge soils. III. Effect of biosolid compost addition. Plant Soil. 256:231-241. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026288021059
  3. Bolan, N.S., R. Naidu, J.K. Syers, and R.W. Tillman. 1999. Surface charge and solute interactions in soils. Adv. Agron. 67:88-141.
  4. Bolan, N.S., S. Mahimairajac, A. Kunhikrishn, and R. Naidu. 2013. Sorption bioavailability nexus of arsenic and cadmium in variable-charge soils. J. Hazard. Mater. 261:725-732. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.09.074
  5. Brady, J.P., G.A. Ayoko, W.N. Martens, and A. Goonetilleke. 2015. Development of a hybrid pollution index for heavy metals in marine and estuarine sediments. Environ. Monit. Assess. 187(5):1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-014-4167-x
  6. Cheng, J.L., S.H.I. Zhou, and Y.W. Zhu. 2007. Assessment and mapping of environmental quality in agricultural soils of Zhejiang Province. J. China Environ. Sci. 19(1):50-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742(07)60008-4
  7. Geebelen, W., J. Vangronsveld, D.C. Adriano, R. Carleer, and H. Clijsters. 2002. Amendment-induced immobili- zation of lead in a lead-spiked soil: evidence from phytotoxicity studies. Water Air Soil Pollut. 140:261-277. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020147901365
  8. Gowd, S.S., M.R. Reddy, and P.K. Govil. 2010. Assessment of heavy metal contamination in soils at Jajmau (Kanpur) and Unnao industrial areas of the Gang plain Uttar Pradesh, India. J. Hazard. Mater. 174:113-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.09.024
  9. Hakanson, L. 1980. An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control. A sedimentological approach. Water Res. 14:975-1001. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(80)90143-8
  10. Hong, C.O., D.K. Lee, and P.J. Kim. 2008. Feasibility of phosphate fertilizer to immobilize cadmium in a field. Chemosphere. 70:2009-2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.09.025
  11. Hong, C.O., J. Gutierrez, S. W. Yun, Y. B. Lee, C. Yu, and P. J. Kim. 2007. Heavy metal contamination of arable soil and corn plant in the vicinity of a zinc smelting factory and stabilization by liming. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 56:190-200.
  12. Hong, C.O., S. Y. Kim, J. Gutierrez, V. N. Owens, and P. J. Kim. 2010. Comparison of oyster shell and calcium hydroxide as liming materials for immobilizing cadmium in upland soil. Biol. Fertil. Soils. 46:491-498. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-010-0458-8
  13. Hu, Y., X. Liu, J. Bai, K. Shih, E. Y. Zeng, H. Cheng. 2013. Assessing heavy metal pollution in the surface soils of a region that had undergone three decades of intense industrialization and urbanization. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 20:6150-6159. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-1668-z
  14. Kashem, M.A. and B.R. Singh. 2001. Metal availability in contaminated soils: I. Effects of flooding and organic matter on changes in Eh, pH and solubility of Cd, Ni and Zn. Nutr. Cycling Agroecosyst. 61:247-255. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013762204510
  15. Kloke, A. 1979. Content of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, fluorine, lead, mercury, and nickel in plants grown on contaminated soil: paper presented at United Nations-ECE Symposium.
  16. Krishna, A.K. and P.K. Govil. 2008. Assessment of heavy metal contamination in soils around Manali industrial area, Chennai, Southern India. Environ. Geol. 54:1465-1472. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-007-0927-z
  17. Kim, K.R., G. Owens, R. Naidu, and K.H. Kim. 2007. Assessment techniques of heavy metal bioavailability in soil - A critical review. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 40:311-325.
  18. Kim, K.R., J.G. Kim, J.S. Park, M.S. Kim, G.Owens, G.H. Youn, and J.S. Lee. 2012. Immobilizer-assisted mana- gement of metal-contaminated agricultural soils for safer food production. J. Environ. Manage. 102:88-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.02.001
  19. Kisku, G.C., S.C. Barman, and S.K. Bhargava. 2000. Contamination of soil and plants with potentially toxic elements irrigated with mixed industrial effluent and its impact on the environment. Water Air Soil pollut. 120:121-137. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005202304584
  20. Lee, H.H., K.K. Kim, Y.B. Lee, B.G. Ko, S.B. Lee, C.K. Shim, and C.O. Hong. 2017. Comparison of heavy metal (loid)s contamination of soil between conventional and organic fruit farms. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 50(5):401-408. https://doi.org/10.7745/KJSSF.2017.50.5.401
  21. Lindsay, W.L. 1979. Chemical equilibria in soils. pp. 316-326. The Blackburn Press. NJ, USA.
  22. Lindsay, W.L. and W.A. Norvell. 1978. Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese and copper. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 42:421-428. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1978.03615995004200030009x
  23. Liu, L., H. Chen, P. Cai, W. Liang, and Q. Huang. 2009. Immobilization and phytotoxicity of Cd in contaminated soil amended with chicken manure compost. J. Hazard. Mater. 163:563-567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.07.004
  24. Loska, K., D. Wiechula, and I. Korus. 2004. Metal contamination of farming soils affected by industry. Environ. Int. 30:159-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-4120(03)00157-0
  25. Lu, R.K. 1999. Analytical Methods of Soil and Agricultural Chemistry. China Agricultural Science and Technology Press, Beijing pp. 107-240.
  26. Mmolawa, K.B., A.S. Likuku, and G.K. Gaboutloeloe. 2011. Assessment of heavy metal pollution in soils along major roadside areas in Botswana. Afr. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 5(3):186-196.
  27. McBride, M., S. Sauve, and W. Hendershot. 1997. Solubility control of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in contaminated soils. Eur. J. Soil Sci. 48:337-346. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.1997.tb00554.x
  28. McBride, M.B. 1994. Environmental chemistry of soils. Chapter 9. Trace and toxic elements in soils. p. 308-341. Oxford University Press. Inc, NY, USA.
  29. ME (Ministry of Environment). 2005. Report of examination for soil contamination in abandoned metal mines in Korea.
  30. ME (Ministry of Environment). 2005. The Korean Soil Environmental Conservation Act. ME, Gwacheon (in Korean).
  31. Muller, G. 1979. Index of geoaccumulation in sediments of the Rhine river. Geojournal. 2:108-118.
  32. Naidu, R., N.S. Bolan, R.S. Kookana, and K.G. Tiller. 1994. Ionic strength and pH effects on the adsorption of cad- mium and the surface charge of soils. Eur. J. Soil Sci. 45:419-429. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.1994.tb00527.x
  33. Narwal, R.P., B.R. Singh, and B. salbu. 2008. Association of cadmium, zinc, copper, and nickel with components in naturally heavy metal‐rich soils studied by parallel and sequential extractions. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 30:1209-1230.
  34. Rauret Gemma. 1998. Extraction procedures for the determination of heavy metals in contaminated soil and sediment. Talanta. 46(3):449-455. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0039-9140(97)00406-2
  35. RDA (Rural Development Administration, Korea). 1988. Methods of soil chemical analysis. National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, RDA, Suwon, Korea.
  36. Redman, A.D., D.L. Macalady, and D. Ahmann. 2002. Natural organic matter affects arsenic speciation and sorption onto hematite. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36:2889-2896. https://doi.org/10.1021/es0112801
  37. Sarkar, D., K.C. Makris, M.T. Parra-Noonan, and R. Datta. 2006. Effect of soil properties on arsenic fractionation and bioaccessibility in cattle and sheep dipping vat sites. Environ. Int. 33:164-169.
  38. Sparks, D.L. 1996. Methods of Soil Analysis. In Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. Nelson, D.W. and Sommers, L.E. pp. 995-996. eds. SSSA Inc. Madison, WI, USA.
  39. Street, J.J., B.R. Sabey, and W.L. Lindsay. 1978. Influence of pH, phosphorus, cadmium, sewage sludge, and incubation time on the solubility and plant uptake of cadmium. J. Environ. Qual. 7:286-290.
  40. Symeonides, C. and S.G. McRae. 1977. The assessment of plant-available cadmium in soils. J. Environ. Qual. 6:120-123.
  41. Thawornchaisit, U. and C. Polprasert. 2009. Evaluation of phosphate fertilizers for the stabilization of cadmium in highly contaminated soils. J. Hazard. Mater. 165:1109-1113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.10.103
  42. Wasay, S.A., W. Parker, P.J. Geel, S. Barrington, and S. Tokunaga. 2000. Arsenic pollution of a loam soil: retention form and decontamination. J. Soil Contam. 9:51-64. https://doi.org/10.1080/10588330091134194
  43. Weng, L., E.J.M. Temminghoff, S. Lofts, E. Tipping, and W.H.V. Riemsdijk. 2002. Complexation with dissolved organic matter and solubility control of heavy metals in a sandy soil. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36:4804-4810. https://doi.org/10.1021/es0200084
  44. Zwonitzer, C., G. John, M. Pierzynski, and M.H. Ganga. 2003. Effects of phosphorus additions on lead, cadmium, and zinc bioavailabilities in a metal-contaminated soil. Water Air Soil Pollut. 143:193-209. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022810310181