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Nonsurgical Treatment of a Distal Radius Fracture: When & How?

원위 요골 골절의 비수술적 치료: 언제, 어떻게?

  • Shin, Young Ho (Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) ;
  • Yoon, Jun O (Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Jae Kwang (Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine)
  • 신영호 (울산대학교 의과대학 서울아산병원 정형외과학교실) ;
  • 윤준오 (울산대학교 의과대학 서울아산병원 정형외과학교실) ;
  • 김재광 (울산대학교 의과대학 서울아산병원 정형외과학교실)
  • Published : 2018.04.25

Abstract

Distal radius fractures are a common upper extremity fracture and a considerable number of patients have a stable fracture. In the treatment of distal radius fractures, there is considerable disagreement regarding the need for a strict anatomical restoration with operation in elderly patients. Therefore, nonsurgical treatment is a still important treatment option in distal radius fractures. The radiological parameters of before or after manual reduction are important for deciding whether to perform operation or not. The radiological parameters include dorsal angulation of the articular surface, radial shortening, extent of dorsal comminution, intra-articular displacement, concomitant ulnar metaphyseal fracture, shear fracture, and fracture-dislocation of the distal radio-ulnar joint. In addition, clinical situations of patients, including age, activity level, underline disease, and recovery level, which the patients wish should be considered, comprehensively. For the duration of a splint or cast, three to four weeks are recommended in impacted or minimally displaced fractures and five to six weeks in displaced fractures. After reduction of the displaced fractures, patients should undergo a radiologicical examination every week to check the redisplacement or deformity of the fracture site until two or three weeks post trauma. Arm elevation is important for controlling fracture site swelling and finger exercises, including metacarpophalangeal joint motion, are needed to prevent hand stiffness. Active range of motion exercise of the wrist should be initiated immediately after removing the splint or cast.

원위 요골 골절의 상당수는 안정형 골절이고, 고령의 환자에서는 불안정형 골절이라도 수술적 치료를 통한 골절의 정확한 정복이 곧 좋은 기능적 결과를 가져오는 것은 아닌 것으로 알려진 바와 같이 비수술적 치료는 여전히 중요한 치료 원칙이다. 수상 직후 및 정복 후 시행한 방사선 소견에서 보이는 원위 요골 관절면 후방 경사, 요골 단축, 후방 골피질 분쇄, 관절내 골편의 전위, 척골의 골간단 골절 동반, 원위 요골의 전단 골절, 원위 요척 관절의 골절 탈구 등을 확인하여 보존적 치료 여부를 결정하게 되는데 환자의 연령, 활동 정도 및 기저질환, 환자가 골절 회복 후 바라는 활동 정도 등에 따라 그 기준을 유연하게 적용할 필요가 있다. 보존적 치료 시 고정 기간은 감입 골절이나 최소 전위 골절에서는 3-4주, 전위 골절에서는 5-6주 정도 시행할 것으로 권장하고 있다. 전위 골절을 정복한 경우는 수상 후 2-3주 동안 매주 방사선 촬영을 하여 골절 부위의 재전위 및 변형 여부를 확인, 필요 시 수술적 치료로 치료 방침을 바꿔야 한다. 수상 후 손목의 부종을 막기 위해 손을 거상하는 것이 중요하고, 수지 강직을 막기 위해 중수지 관절을 포함한 손가락 운동을 지속하도록 하여야 한다. 계획된 고정이 끝난 후에는 손목 관절에 대한 적극적인 움직임을 통하여 관절 운동 범위를 회복하도록 하여야 한다.

Keywords

References

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