Korean Journal of Family Medicine (가정의학회지)

The Korean Academy of Family Medicine (대한가정의학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Prevalence of Gallstone Disease Is Significantly Lower in Natives than in Migrants of Jeju Island

  • Kwon, Oh-Sung (Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Jeju National University) ;
  • Kim, Young-Kyu (Department of Surgery, Jeju National University School of Medicine) ;
  • Her, Kyu Hee (Department of Surgery, Jeju National University School of Medicine)
  • Received : 2018.01.12
  • Accepted : 2018.04.06
  • Published : 2018.05.31
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Background: The eating habits of Jeju Island natives are quite different from those of the mainland people because of geographic isolation. Diet is a main factor affecting gallstone disease. We investigated the prevalence of gallstone disease in both Jeju Island natives and migrants and studied the risk factors affecting gallstone disease in the Jeju Island people. Methods: A total of 20,763 subjects who underwent medical checkups at the Health Promotion Center of Jeju National University Hospital in Korea from January 2003 to December 2015 were enrolled in the study. Ultrasonography was used to determine the presence of gallbladder stones. Body mass index and biochemical parameters, including liver function test results, lipid profiles, and fasting blood glucose levels, were verified, and data on age, birthplace, and sex were collected from medical records. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors affecting gallstone disease. Results: The prevalence of gallstone disease in the Jeju Island people was 4.0%: Jeju Island natives, 3.8% and migrants, 4.4% (P=0.047). After multivariate logistic regression analysis, the independent risk factors were older age, Jeju migrants, higher fasting blood glucose and alanine aminotransferase levels, and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Conclusion: The prevalence of gallstone disease was significantly lower in natives than in migrants from Jeju Island. Older age, Jeju migrants, higher fasting blood glucose and alanine aminotransferase levels, and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels contributed to gallstone disease prevalence in the Jeju Island people.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : Jeju National University Hospital

References

  1. Jorgensen T, Kay L, Schultz-Larsen K. The epidemiology of gallstones in a 70-year-old Danish population. Scand J Gastroenterol 1990;25:335-40.
  2. Shoda J, He BF, Tanaka N, Matsuzaki Y, Osuga T, Yamamori S, et al. Increase of deoxycholate in supersaturated bile of patients with cholesterol gallstone disease and its correlation with de novo syntheses of cholesterol and bile acids in liver, gallbladder emptying, and small intestinal transit. Hepatology 1995;21:1291-302.
  3. Angelico F, Del Ben M, Barbato A, Conti R, Urbinati G. Ten-year incidence and natural history of gallstone disease in a rural population of women in central Italy. The Rome Group for the Epidemiology and Prevention of Cholelithiasis (GREPCO). Ital J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1997;29:249-54.
  4. Barbara L, Sama C, Morselli Labate AM, Taroni F, Rusticali AG, Festi D, et al. A population study on the prevalence of gallstone disease: the Sirmione Study. Hepatology 1987;7:913-7. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.1840070520
  5. Berger MY, van der Velden JJ, Lijmer JG, de Kort H, Prins A, Bohnen AM. Abdominal symptoms: do they predict gallstones?: a systematic review. Scand J Gastroenterol 2000;35:70-6. https://doi.org/10.1080/003655200750024560
  6. Jorgensen T. Prevalence of gallstones in a Danish population. Am J Epidemiol 1987;126:912-21. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114728
  7. Scragg RK, McMichael AJ, Baghurst PA. Diet, alcohol, and relative weight in gall stone disease: a case-control study. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1984;288:1113-9. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.288.6424.1113
  8. Maclure KM, Hayes KC, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, Speizer FE, Willett WC. Weight, diet, and the risk of symptomatic gallstones in middleaged women. N Engl J Med 1989;321:563-9. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198908313210902
  9. Korean Association for the Study of the Liver. White paper on liver disease Korea 2013. Seoul: Jin Press; 2014.
  10. Cooperberg PL, Burhenne HJ. Real-time ultrasonography: diagnostic technique of choice in calculous gallbladder disease. N Engl J Med 1980;302:1277-9. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198006053022303
  11. WHO Expert Consultation. Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies. Lancet 2004;363:157-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15268-3
  12. American Diabetes Association. (2) Classification and diagnosis of diabetes. Diabetes Care 2015;38 Suppl:S8-S16.
  13. Committee for Guidelines for Management of Dyslipidemia. 2015 Korean guidelines for management of dyslipidemia. J Lipid Atheroscler 2015;4:61-92. https://doi.org/10.12997/jla.2015.4.1.61
  14. Sohn W, Jun DW, Kwak MJ, Park Q, Lee KN, Lee HL, et al. Upper limit of normal serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferase levels in Korea. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013;28:522-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1746.2012.07143.x
  15. Lee JK, Rhee PL, Lee JH, Lee KT, Choi SH, Noh JH, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of gallstone in health screening people. Korean J Gastroenterol 1997;29:85-92.
  16. Yi SY, Lee SK, Kim JW, Han DS, Kim MH, Min YI, et al. Clinical study on gallstone prevalence in general health screening people. Korean J Med 1994;47:352-8.
  17. Hwang SW, Ou SW, Lee HJ, Lim SY, Yang JH, Cho BL, et al. Associated factor of prevalence of asymptomatic gallstone. J Korean Acad Fam Med 2001;22:1596-602.
  18. Chung YJ, Park YD, Lee HC, Cho HJ, Park KS, Seo EH, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of gallstones in a general health screened population. Korean J Med 2007;72:480-90.
  19. Misciagna G, Centonze S, Leoci C, Guerra V, Cisternino AM, Ceo R, et al. Diet, physical activity, and gallstones: a population-based, casecontrol study in southern Italy. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;69:120-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/69.1.120
  20. Acalovschi M. Cholesterol gallstones: from epidemiology to prevention. Postgrad Med J 2001;77:221-9. https://doi.org/10.1136/pmj.77.906.221
  21. Einarsson K, Nilsell K, Leijd B, Angelin B. Influence of age on secretion of cholesterol and synthesis of bile acids by the liver. N Engl J Med 1985;313:277-82. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198508013130501
  22. Diehl AK. Cholelithiasis and the insulin resistance syndrome. Hepatology 2000;31:528-30. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.510310238
  23. Ruhl CE, Everhart JE. Association of diabetes, serum insulin, and Cpeptide with gallbladder disease. Hepatology 2000;31:299-303. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.510310206
  24. Nepokroeff CM, Lakshmanan MR, Ness GC, Dugan RE, Porter JW. Regulation of the diurnal rhythm of rat liver beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl coenzmye A reductase activity by insulin, glucagon, cyclic AMP and hydrocortisone. Arch Biochem Biophys 1974;160:387-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(74)90412-3
  25. Yang LS, Hwang CS. A study on college student's understanding and preference of native foods in Cheju-do, Korea. Korean J Diet Cult 1990;5:317-30.
  26. Statistics Korea. Household per capita food grain consumption in 2009 [Internet]. Daejeon: Statistics Korea; 2010 [cited 2016 Jan 8]. Available from: http://kostat.go.kr/portal/eng/pressReleases/1/index. board?bmode=read&aSeq=272352.
  27. Mathur A, Megan M, Al-Azzawi HH, Lu D, Swartz-Basile DA, Nakeeb A, et al. High dietary carbohydrates decrease gallbladder volume and enhance cholesterol crystal formation. Surgery 2007;141:654-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surg.2006.11.008
  28. Thornton J, Symes C, Heaton K. Moderate alcohol intake reduces bile cholesterol saturation and raises HDL cholesterol. Lancet 1983;2:819-22.
  29. Nestel PJ, Simons LA, Homma Y. Effects of ethanol on bile acid and cholesterol metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr 1976;29:1007-15. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/29.9.1007
  30. Probert CS, Emmett PM, Heaton KW. Some determinants of wholegut transit time: a population-based study. QJM 1995;88:311-5.

Cited by

  1. The grade of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is an independent risk factor for gallstone disease : An observational Study vol.98, pp.27, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000016018
  2. Prevalence and risk factors for gallstone disease: A population‐based cross‐sectional study vol.21, pp.4, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-2980.12857
  3. Prevalence and risk factors of gallbladder polyps among adults on Jeju Island according to genders vol.26, pp.8, 2018, https://doi.org/10.9708/jksci.2021.26.08.103
  4. Epidemiological survey to determine the prevalence of cholecystolithiasis in Uyghur, Kazakh, and Han Ethnic Groups in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China: cross-sectional studies vol.21, pp.1, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-021-01677-w