Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association (한국가정과교육학회지)

Korea Home Economics Education Association (한국가정과교육학회)
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A Study on Snack Intake Behavior by the Stress Level of High School Students in Jeonnam Area

전남지역 고등학생의 스트레스 수준에 따른 간식 섭취 행태 연구

  • Park, Hye Sook (Okgok elementary school) ;
  • Jung, Lan Hee (Dept. of home economics education, Research Institute for Human Ecology, Chonnam National University)
  • 박혜숙 (옥곡초등학교) ;
  • 정난희 (전남대학교 가정교육과, 전남대학교 생활과학연구소)
  • Received : 2017.10.31
  • Accepted : 2018.12.28
  • Published : 2018.12.31
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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the stress perception, dietary habits, lifestyle and snack intake behaviors of students to help dietary education of high school students in Jeonnam area. The data were collected from high school students in Jeonnam area and 503 questionnaires were used for analysis. The main results of this study are as follows. First, the mean scores of high school students' perception of stress were 2.92 points for male students and 3.07 points for female students, and female students were statistically significantly higher than male students(p<.01). Stress perceptions showed significant differences in school stress(p<.001) and family stress(p<.05) according to gender, and female students gained more stressed than male students. Second, the dietary habits and lifestyle characteristics of high school students by gender showed significant difference between male students and female students at the one meal time(p<.001), the amount of meal(p<.05), the tendency of eating habits(p<.001), the salty taste of food(p<.05), the exercise frequency per week(p<.001) and the exercise time per day(p<.001), respectively. One meal time was shorter for male students than for female students, and the amount of meals was more suitable amount for female students than male students. Also, male students ate more regularly than female students and female students preferred more stimulating foods than male students. Male students ate slightly bland salty taste, and female students ate standard salty taste. The exercise frequency per week and the exercise time per day were more in male students than in female students. Third, the snack intake characteristics of high school students by gender showed significantly different between male students and female students at the cost of snack per day(p<.01), the time to eat snacks(p<.01) and the favorite snacks(p<.001), respectively. The cost of snack per day was higher for female students than for male students in case of less than 4,000 won. The time for eating snack showed that 'Irregularly' was high for male students and 'In the evening after lunch' was high for female students. The favorite snacks were cookies, candies and chocolates for male and female students. Forth, the dietary habits and lifestyle characteristics of high school students by stress level showed significantly different at the frequency of daily meals(p<.05), the tendency of eating habits(p<.01) and the salty taste of food(p<.05), respectively. The frequency of daily meals was more than four times in case of the 'High stress' and 'Low stress' groups. The tendency of eating habit was low in regular meal rate in 'High stress' group. Fifth, the snack intake characteristics of high school students by stress level showed significantly different in the frequency of snacks per day(p<.05) and the favorite taste of snacks(p<.05). In case of the frequency of daily snack intake, 'More than 4 times' was highest in 'High stress' group and 'Low stress' group. The favorite taste of snacks showed that the spicy taste was highest in the 'High stress' group and the 'Low stress' group.

본 연구는 전남지역 고등학생을 대상으로 스트레스 인식, 식습관 및 생활습관 특성, 간식 섭취 행태를 조사하고, 스트레스 수준에 따른 식습관 및 생활습관 특성, 간식 섭취 행태의 특성을 분석하여 청소년의 식생활 교육에 도움을 주고자 하였다. 순천시, 광양시, 고흥군에 거주하는 고등학교 1, 2, 3학년을 대상으로 자료를 수집하였고, 자료 분석은 SPSS 통계 프로그램을 이용하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 고등학생의 스트레스 인식은 남학생이 2.92점, 여학생이 3.07점으로 여학생이 남학생보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<.01). 요인별 스트레스 인식은 학교 스트레스(p<.001), 가족 스트레스(p<.05)에서 성별에 따라 유의한 차이가 나타났는데, 여학생이 남학생 보다 스트레스가 높았다. 둘째, 고등학생의 식습관 및 생활습관 특성은 한끼 식사 시간 (p<.001), 식사량(p<.05), 식습관 경향(p<.001), 음식의 간(p<.05), 일주일 운동 횟수(p<.001), 1일 운동 시간(p<.001)에서 남학생과 여학생이 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 한끼 식사 시간은 남학생이 여학생보다 더 짧았고, 식사의 양은 여학생이 남학생보다 적당하였다. 식습관 경향은 남학생은 규칙적으로 섭취하였고, 여학생은 자극적인 음식을 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 음식의 간은 남학생이 약간 싱겁게 먹고 여학생은 보통으로 나타났다. 일주일 운동 횟수는 남학생이 여학생보다 많았고, 여학생이 남학생보다 운동을 하지 않는 것으로 나타났으며, 1일 운동 시간은 남학생이 여학생보다 많았다. 셋째, 고등학생의 간식 섭취 행태 특성은 하루 간식비(p<.01), 간식 먹는 시간(p<.01), 즐기는 간식(p<.001)에서 남학생과 여학생 간에 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 하루 간식비는 4,000원 미만이 남학생보다 여학생이 높게 나타났고, 간식 먹는 시간은 남학생은 불규칙적으로가 높게 나타났으며, 여학생은 점심 후 저녁 전이 높게 나타났다. 즐기는 간식은 남학생과 여학생 모두 과자류, 사탕류, 초콜릿류가 가장 높게 나타났다. 넷째, 고등학생의 스트레스 수준에 따른 식습관 및 생활습관 특성은 하루 식사 횟수 (p<.05), 식습관 경향(p<.01), 음식의 간(p<.05)이 스트레스 수준에 따라 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 하루 식사 횟수는 '고 스트레스' 그룹과 '저 스트레스' 그룹에서 4회 이상 식사하는 비율이 높게 나타났고, 식습관 경향은 '고 스트레스' 그룹에서 규칙적인 섭취의 비율이 낮게 나타났다. 음식의 간 선호도는 스트레스가 상인 그룹에서 매우 짜게 먹는 비율이 높게 나타났다. 다섯째, 고등학생의 스트레스 수준에 따른 간식 섭취 행태 특성은 하루 간식 섭취 횟수 (p<.05), 좋아하는 간식의 맛(p<.05)에서 스트레스 수준에 따라 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 하루 간식 섭취 횟수는 스트레스가 높은 그룹과 스트레스가 낮은 그룹에서 4회 이상 비율이 높게 나타났고, 좋아하는 간식의 맛은 스트레스가 높은 그룹과 스트레스가 낮은 그룹에서 매운맛이 높게 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 스트레스 수준이 자극적인 음식 선호, 짜게 먹는 습관, 단맛을 선호하는 등의 간식 섭취에 영향을 미침을 알 수 있었다. 청소년 시기에 이러한 스트레스 상황이 장기간 지속될 경우에는 식생활에 많은 영향을 미칠 것으로 생각된다. 따라서 스트레스를 겪는 환경에서 바람직하고 균형잡힌 식생활을 할 수 있도록 고등학생의 건전한 식생활 문화 정착을 유도하는 지도가 필요하겠다.

Keywords

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