Korean Journal of Environmental Biology (환경생물)

Korean Society of Environmental Biology (한국환경생물학회)
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Seasonal Distributional Characteristics of Phytoplankton Adjacent to the Oyster Farming Area of Hansan-Geoje Island

한산도-거제도 동부 굴 양식장주변에서 식물플랑크톤의 계절적 분포특성

  • 임영균 (한국해양과학기술원 위해성분석연구센터) ;
  • 백승호 (한국해양과학기술원 위해성분석연구센터)
  • Received : 2018.12.04
  • Accepted : 2018.12.14
  • Published : 2018.12.31
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Abstract

The aim of this study is to investigate the seasonal changes of phytoplankton communities based on the environmental changes in a dense oyster farming area (Hansan-Geoje Island) from June to December 2016. The water temperature varied from $14^{\circ}C$ to $28.8^{\circ}C$ and its salinity ranged from 29.4 to 34.2 psu. Nitrate+nitrite was kept at c.a. $3.0{\mu}M$ on the surface layer from June to July, below the concentration limit in August and early September, and then gradually increased from late September. Ammonia was high on July 20 and August 10, and its seasonal characteristics were not clear. Phosphate ranged from 0.01 to $0.7{\mu}M$ on the surface layer, and its seasonal changes were similar to those of nitrate+nitrite. Mean silicate concentrations were $10.7{\mu}M$ on the surface and $15.7{\mu}M$ in the bottom layer, and it was not acted as a limiting factor for the growth of phytoplankton. Among the phytoplankton community, Bacillariophyceae, Dinophyceae and Cryptophyceae was 61.2%, 22.5%, and 13.6%, respectively. In late June, dinoflagellate Prorocentrum donghaiense was dominant in the outer waters(St. T1), later on, Cryptomonas spp. and Chaetoceros spp. were dominant, respectively. From late September to October, diatoms Pseudo-nitzschia spp. and Chaetoceros spp. were stimulated under non-stratified condition after the typhoon. In December, A. sanguinea was found to be $1.7{\times}10^5cells\;L^{-1}$. Seasonally, relative high phytoplankton biomass may be favorable to maintain high production of filter feeder oyster in the dense oyster farming areas of Hansan and Geoje Island.

본 연구에서는 2016년 6월부터 12월까지 통영 한산도 및 거제 동부 굴 양식장 밀집해역의 환경요인의 변동에 따른 식물플랑크톤 군집변화의 계절특성을 파악하고자 하였다. 조사기간 동안 수온은 $14{\sim}28.8^{\circ}C$로, 염분은 29.4~34.2 psu의 범위로 변화하였다. 질산염+아질산염의 농도는 6~7월 동안 표층에서 $3.0{\mu}M$ 전후로, 8월과 9월초까지 제한농도 이하로, 그 후 9월말부터 점차적으로 증가하는 양상을 보였다. 암모니아는 전반적으로 낮게 나타나 계절적 특성이 뚜렷하지 않았다. 인산염은 표층에서 $0.01{\sim}0.7{\mu}M$의 범위로 보였고, 질산염+아질산염과 유사한 계절적 변화를 보였다. 규산염 평균농도는 표층에서 $10.7{\mu}M$과 저층에서 $15.7{\mu}M$로, 전 계절에 있어 식물플랑크톤의 성장에 제한인자로 작용하지 않았다. 식물플랑크톤 군집조성은 규조류, 와편모조류, 은편모조류의 비율은 각각 61.2%, 22.5%, 13.6%로 관찰되었다. 6월말, 외측해역(T1정점)을 중심으로 와편모조류 Prorocentrum donghaiense가 우점하였고, 이후 7월 Cryptomonas spp.와 규조류 Chaetoceros spp.가 상대적으로 높게 점유하였다. 태풍 이후 성층이 붕괴된 9월말에서 10월까지 규조류 Pseudonitzschia spp.와 Chaetoceros spp.가 전 정점에서 우점하였으며, 12월에는 와편모조류 A. sanguinea가 최대 $1.7{\times}10^5cells\;L^{-1}$로 적조주의보 수준으로 높게 관찰되었다. 결과적으로 거제도 한산도주변해역에서는 계절적 성층의 형성과 소멸에 따른 식물플랑크톤 군집조성의 차이가 나타났고, 환경요인의 변화는 일차생산자인 식물플랑크톤 생물량(biomass) 변동에도 영향을 미칠 수 있으며, 이는 양식굴산업의 생산에도 직결될 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

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