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Recovery of Palladium (Pd) from Spent Catalyst by Dry and Wet Method and Re-preparation of Pd/C Catalyst from Recovered Pd

폐촉매로부터 Pd회수 및 이를 이용한 Pd/C 촉매 재제조 기술 개발

  • Kim, Ji Sun (Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia (UBC)) ;
  • Kwon, Ji Soo (Green material & processes group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH)) ;
  • Baek, Jae Ho (Green material & processes group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH)) ;
  • Lee, Man sig (Green material & processes group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH))
  • 김지선 (화학생명공학과, 브리시티컬럼비아 주립대학교) ;
  • 권지수 (한국생산기술연구원 친환경재료공정그룹) ;
  • 백재호 (한국생산기술연구원 친환경재료공정그룹) ;
  • 이만식 (한국생산기술연구원 친환경재료공정그룹)
  • Received : 2018.02.26
  • Accepted : 2018.03.26
  • Published : 2018.08.10

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to investigate and optimize an effectiveness process for the recovery of Pd from the spent Pd/C catalyst by the process of hydrogenation of maleic anhydride over Pd/C. Pd solution recovered from Pd/C catalyst was used to prepare Pd/C catalysts. Their characteristics were compared to those of Pd/C catalyst prepared by using a reagent grade precursor solution. Pd in the spent catalyst was leached by the modified process with dry and wet methods to obtain the high recovery ratio of Pd. The burn-out of carbon in the spent Pd/C catalyst was carried out in the rage of $600-900^{\circ}C$. Pd content of carbonized catalyst was confirmed by XRF and ICP. Pd was extracted from carbonized spent catalysts with acid solutions of 1,2 and 4 M HCl at a leaching temperature of $90^{\circ}C$ for 2 h. The high recovery ratio of Pd was shown as 92.4% that leached in 4 M HCl. Also Pd/C catalysts were prepared by using the leached solution and the reagent grade of $H_2PdCl_4$ as a precursor solution and the characteristics were analyzed by XRD, CO-chemisorption and FE-TEM. As a result, the dispersion of the catalyst prepared by using the leached solution was 34.6%, which was found to be equal to or more than that of the Pd/C catalyst prepared by the reagent grade precursor solution.

본 연구는 무수말레인산의 수소화 반응 공정에서 발생한 palladium (Pd)/C 폐촉매에서 Pd를 회수하고 이 회수용액을 이용한 Pd/C 재제조 특성에 대해서 연구하였다. 폐촉매 내 담지체로 사용된 탄소(carbon)의 탄화를 위해 $600-900^{\circ}C$에서 열처리를 진행하였고, 탄화된 촉매의 Pd의 함량을 XRF 및 ICP를 통하여 분석하였다. Pd의 함량이 가장 높게 나타난 탄화조건에서 탄화된 촉매를 이용하여 다양한 농도의 침출 용액을 사용하여 Pd를 침출하였으며, 이때 가장 높은 침출률을 나타나는 용액을 별도의 전처리 없이 Pd/C 촉매제조에서 전구체로 사용하였다. Pd용해를 위해 1,2 및 4 M HCl 용액을 침출용액으로 사용하여 가장 높은 회수율을 가지는 조건을 최적화하고자 하였다. 그 결과, 4 M HCl을 사용하였을 때 92.4%의 가장 높은 Pd 침출률을 확인하였다. 이후, (1) 회수 용액을 전구체 용액으로 사용한 경우 (2) 시약급 $H_2PdCl_4$ 용액을 전구체 용액으로 사용한 경우, 두 가지 각기 다른 전구체 용액을 사용하여 각각 5 wt% Pd/C를 이온교환법으로 제조하였고, 전구체 용액에 따른 특성을 CO-chemisorption 및 FE-TEM으로 확인하였다. 그 결과 회수용액을 사용하여 촉매를 제조하였을 경우 2-5 nm의 균일한 입자크기와 34.6%의 분산도를 나타내어 기존 폐촉매가 가지는 약 5.02% 분산도보다 월등히 높은 것을 확인하였고, 시약급 전구체 용액을 사용한 경우와 비교하여도 동등수준의 분산도를 가지는 것을 확인하였다.

Keywords

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