Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety (한국식품위생안전성학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Hygiene and Safety (한국식품위생안전성학회)
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Effect of High Pressure Processing on Freshness of Meat Products

육류가공품의 고압처리가 신선도에 미치는 영향 평가

  • Hwang, Seong-Hee (School of Food and Nutrition Science for Bioindustry, Semyung University)
  • 황성희 (세명대학교 바이오식품산업학부)
  • Received : 2018.05.08
  • Accepted : 2018.06.07
  • Published : 2018.08.30
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Abstract

The high pressure processing (HPP) is a technology which can preserve the quality of foods, such as the fresh taste, incense, texture, vitamin content, and so on, by minimizing the heating process. It does so by applying an instantaneous and uniform pressure that is the same as the water pressure that is 60 km deep in the sea. HPP is a technology that can inhibit food poisoning and spoilage caused by microorganisms and is currently an actively studied area. In this study, we investigated the effects of a high pressure treatment (0, 4, 6 min) on sliced ham, which is a typical meat product, at 600 MP a were tested for their effect on freshness. Moisture contents varied from 48 to 69%, salinity varied from 1.07 to 1.11%, and the pH decreased from 6.4~6.5 to 6.1~5.15. However, there was no difference between the control and treatment groups. General bacteria stored at $20^{\circ}C$ after hyper-pressure treatment were found to have no significant microorganisms in all groups until 4 weeks. but exceeded $10^5$ in control group and HPP 6 min treatment group from 5 weeks, At week 7, it was found to exceed $10^6$. The results indicate it was not possible to ingest food in the 4-and 6 minute treatment groups. Coliform was not observed in all groups despite observing for a total of 7 weeks at $20^{\circ}C$ weight test. VBN, a method used to determine the protein freshness of meat, showed a VBN value of less than 1 mg% until the fourth week and a value of 1 to 2 mg% after 5 weeks. The TBA was used as an index of the degree of fat acidosis in the meat tissues. The results showed it was below 0.18 mgMA / kg until the end of 7 weeks; this value was within the range for fresh meat, and there was no difference in treatment group. In this experiment, deformation of the packaging material did not occur and no swelling occurred due to the generation of gas. It is believed that the basic preservation effect was achieved only by blocking with the air due to the close contact of the packaging material.

바다속 60 km 깊이의 수압과 같은 압력을 사용하여 순간적이고 균일한 압력전달로 가열공정을 최소화함으로써 신선한 맛과 향, 텍스처, 비타민의 유지 등 품질보존을 할 수 있는 기술인 HPP는 식중독과 부패미생물을 억제하는 효과를 가져올 수 있는 기술로 현재 가장 활발히 연구되고 있는 분야이다. 기존의 열처리가 단백질의 변성, 화학적 변화, 전분의 호화, 효소의 활성에 영향을 미쳐서 보존성을 유지한다면 HPP는 열처리의 장점은 그대로 갖고 있으면서 열처리에서 야기되는 원치 않는 화학적 변화를 최소화할 수 있다는 장점을 갖고 있다 보존기간이 길어 소비자들이 우려하는 첨가물의 사용이 필수적인 육류가공품에 대해서는 초고압처리에 대한 국내 연구가 미비하여 본 연구에서는 대표적인 육가공품인 슬라이스햄에 대해 600 MPa 초고압처리(0분, 4분, 6분)가 이들의 신선도에 미치는 영향을 실험하였다. 수분함량은 48~69%, 염도 1.07-1.11%에서 변화를 보이고 있었고, pH는 처음 6.4-6.5에서 6.1-6.15까지 낮아졌으나 대조군과 처리군간의 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 초고압처리 후 $20^{\circ}C$에서 보관한 일반세균 결과는 4주까지 모든 군에서 미미한 수준에서 일반미생물이 발견 되었으나 5주부터는 대조군과 HPP 6분 처리군에서 $10^5$을 초과하였고 7주에는 4분 처리군, 6분처리군에서 식품으로 섭취가 불가능한 $10^6$을 초과하는 것으로 나타났다. 대장균군은 $20^{\circ}C$ 가중실험으로 7주간 관찰하였음에도 불구하고 모든 군에서 대장균군이 발견되지 않았다. 육류의 단백질 신선도 판정에 사용되는 방법인 VBN은 4주차까지는 1 mg% 미만의 VBN값을 보였고 5주부터는 1~2 mg%의 값을 나타냈다. 그러나 군별 차이는 나타나지 않았다(p > 0.05). 육의 조직내 지방 산패 정도의 지표로 사용되는 TBA는 7주가 끝날 때까지 0.18 mgMA/kg 이하였고 이 수치는 신선육의 범위에 들며, 처리군별 차이를 보이지 않았다. 본 실험에서는 포장재의 변성이 발생하지 않았고 가스의 발생으로 인한 부풀어 오름도 발생하지 않았는데, HPP의 효과가 전혀 관찰되지 않은 사실은 포장재의 밀착으로 인한 공기와의 차단만으로 기본적인 보존 효과를 보인 것이 아닌가 사료된다.

Keywords

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