Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment (한국대기환경학회지)

Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment (한국대기환경학회)
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Investigation on Characteristics of High PM2.5 Pollution Occurred during October 2015 in Gwangju

광주 지역에서 2015년 10월에 발생한 PM2.5 고농도 사례 특성 분석

  • Yu, Geun-Hye (Department of Environment and Energy Engineering, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Park, Seung-Shik (Department of Environment and Energy Engineering, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Jung, Sun A (Air Quality Research Division, Climate and Air Quality Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Jo, Mi Ra (Air Quality Research Division, Climate and Air Quality Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Lim, Yong Jae (Air Quality Research Division, Climate and Air Quality Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Shin, Hye Jung (Air Quality Research Division, Climate and Air Quality Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Lee, Sang Bo (Air Quality Research Division, Climate and Air Quality Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Ghim, Young Sung (Department of Environmental Science, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies)
  • 유근혜 (전남대학교 환경에너지공학과) ;
  • 박승식 (전남대학교 환경에너지공학과) ;
  • 정선아 (국립환경과학원 기후대기연구부 대기환경연구과) ;
  • 조미라 (국립환경과학원 기후대기연구부 대기환경연구과) ;
  • 임용재 (국립환경과학원 기후대기연구부 대기환경연구과) ;
  • 신혜정 (국립환경과학원 기후대기연구부 대기환경연구과) ;
  • 이상보 (국립환경과학원 기후대기연구부 대기환경연구과) ;
  • 김영성 (한국외국어대학교 환경학과)
  • Received : 2018.08.08
  • Accepted : 2018.08.17
  • Published : 2018.08.31
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Abstract

A severe haze event occurred in October 2015 in Gwangju, Korea. In this study, the driving chemical species and the formation mechanisms of $PM_{2.5}$ pollution were investigated to better understand the haze event. Hourly concentrations of $PM_{2.5}$, organic and elemental carbon, water-soluble ions, and elemental constituents were measured at the air quality intensive monitoring station in Gwangju. The haze event occurred was attributed to a significant contribution (72.3%) of secondary inorganic species concentration to the $PM_{2.5}$, along with the contribution of organic aerosols that were strongly attributed to traffic emissions over the study site. MODIS images, weather charts, and air mass backward trajectories supported the significant impact of long-range transportation (LTP) of aerosol particles from northeastern China on haze formation over Gwangju in October 2015. The driving factor for the haze formation was stagnant atmospheric flows around the Korean peninsula, and high relative humidity (RH) promoted the haze formation at the site. Under the high RH conditions, $SO{_4}^{2-}$ and $NO_3{^-}$ were mainly produced through the heterogenous aqueous-phase reactions of $SO_2$ and $NO_2$, respectively. Moreover, hourly $O_3$ concentration during the study period was highly elevated, with hourly peaks ranging from 79 to 95ppb, suggesting that photochemical reaction was a possible formation process of secondary aerosols. Over the $PM_{2.5}$ pollution, behavior and formation of secondary ionic species varied with the difference in the impact of LTP. Prior to October 19 when the influence of LTP was low, increasing rate in $NO_3{^-}$ was greater than that in $NO_2$, but both $SO_2$ and $SO{_4}^{2-}$ had similar increasing rates. While, after October 20 when the impact of haze by LTP was significant, $SO{_4}^{2-}$ and $NO_3{^-}$ concentrations increased significantly more than their gaseous precursors, but with greater increasing rate of $NO_3{^-}$. These results suggest the enhanced secondary transformation of $SO_2$ and $NO_2$ during the haze event. Overall, the result from the study suggests that control of anthropogenic combustion sources including vehicle emissions is needed to reduce the high levels of nitrogen oxide and $NO_3{^-}$ and the high $PM_{2.5}$ pollution occurred over fall season in Gwangju.

Keywords

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