Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society

Korean Data Analysis Society (한국자료분석학회)
권호 표지

Comparisons of Middle- and Old-Aged Drivers' Recognition for Driving Scene Elements using Sensitivity, Response Bias, and Response Time

중년 및 고령운전자의 운전장면 개별요소에 대한 재인기억 차이: 민감도, 반응기준 및 반응시간 비교

  • Lee, Jaesik (Department Psychology, Pusan National University)
  • Received : 2018.10.17
  • Accepted : 2018.11.24
  • Published : 2018.12.31

⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Middle- and old-aged driver's capability in recognition for driving scene elements was compared. Central and ambient stimuli were selected from natural driving scene and sensitivity, bias and reaction time were measured as dependent measures. The results are as follows. First, in general, older drivers showed lower sensitivity than middle-aged drivers. In particular, the older drivers' sensitivity was significantly lower for the ambient stimuli than central stimuli, whereas the middle-aged drivers showed no significant difference between the two types of stimuli. Second, the older drivers tended to show more lenient responses whereas the middle-aged drivers responded more conservatively. Third, the older drivers showed longer reaction time than the middle-aged drivers, in particular, in the responses of miss and correct rejection. This results suggested that the older drivers' retention for driving scene elements in their working memory may not be stable, which can be resulted in difficulties in rapid and accurate responses in a real life driving.

본 연구에서는 운전장면 개별요소들에 대한 중년 및 고령운전자의 작업기억의 특성을 반응민감도, 반응편파 및 반응시간을 통해 비교하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 고령운전자 집단은 중년운전자 집단에 비해 민감도가 낮았고 특히 중년운전자 집단의 경우는 중심자극과 주변자극에 대한 민감도에서의 차이가 유의하지 않았던 반면, 고령운전자 집단의 경우는 중심자극에 비해 주변자극에 대한 민감도가 현저하게 더 낮았다. 둘째, 중년운전자 집단은 전반적으로 보수적으로 반응한 반면 고령운전자 집단은 대체적으로 관대한 방향으로 반응하는 경향이 상대적으로 더 컸다. 셋째, 중년운전자들에 비해 고령운전자들의 반응시간이 더 느렸고, 중심자극보다는 주변자극에 대한 반응시간이 더 느렸으며, 반응의 유형에 따라서는 적중의 반응시간이 가장 빨랐던 반면 헛경보의 반응시간이 가장 느렸다. 특히, 탈루과 정기각 반응에 대해서는 두 집단 사이의 반응시간 차이가 더 증가하였다. 이러한 결과는 중년운전자들에 비해 고령운전자들은 운전장면 개별요소에 대한 작업기억에서의 파지가 상대적으로 더 불완전하고, 이에 따라 작업기억에 기초한 신속한 판단에서 어려움이 증가할 수 있음을 시사한다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : 부산대학교

References

  1. Anstey, K. J., Horswill, M. S., Wood, J. M., Hatherly, C. (2012). The role of cognitive and visual abilities as predictors in the multifactorial model of driving safety, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 45, 766-774. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2011.10.006
  2. Becic, E., Edwards, C. J., Manser, M. P., Donath, M. (2018). Aging and the use of an in-vehicle intersection crossing assist system: an on-road study, Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 56, 113-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2018.03.032
  3. Brayne, C., Dufouil, C., Ahmed, A., Dening, T. R., Chi, L., McGee, M., Huppert, F. A. (2000). Very old drivers: findings from a population cohort of people aged 84 and over, International Journal of Epidemiology, 29, 704-707. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/29.4.704
  4. Caird, J. K., Simmons, S. M., Wiley, K., Johnston, K. A., Horrey, W. J. (2018). Does talking on a cell phone, with a passenger, or dialing affect driving performance?: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental studies, Human Factors, 60, 101-133. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720817748145
  5. Daigneault, G., Joly, P., Frigon, J. (2002). Previous convictions or accidents and the risk of subsequent accidents of older drivers, Accident Analysis and Prevention, 34, 257-261. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-4575(01)00014-8
  6. Duchek, J. M., Hunt, L., Ball, K., Buckles, V., Morris, J. C. (1998). Attention and driving performance in Alzheimer's disease, Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 53B, 130-141. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/53B.2.P130
  7. Eby, D. W., Molnar, L. J., Kartje, P. S. (2008). Maintaining safe mobility in an aging society, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.
  8. Edwards, J. D., Delahunt, P. B., Mahncke, H. W. (2009). Cognitive speed of processing training delays driving cessation, Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biomedical Sciences and Medical Sciences, 64, 1262-1267.
  9. Edwards, J. D., Delahunt, P. B., Mahncke, H. W. (2009). Cognitive speed of processing training delays driving cessation, Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biomedical Sciences and Medical Sciences, 64, 1262-1267.
  10. Evans, L. (1991). Traffic safety and the driver, New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
  11. Feng, J., Choi, H., Craik, F. I., Levine, B., Moreno, S., Naglie, G., Zhu, M. (2018). Adaptive response criteria in road hazard detection among older drivers, Traffic Injury Prevention, 19, 141-146. https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2017.1373190
  12. Hakamies-Blomqvist, L., Raitenan, T., O'Neill, D. (2002). Driver ageing does not cause higher accident rates per km, Transportation Research Part F5: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 5, 271-274. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-8478(03)00005-6
  13. Johansson, K., Lundberg, C. (1997). The international consensus conference on dementia and driving: a brief report, Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders, 11, 62-69. https://doi.org/10.1097/00002093-199706001-00013
  14. Jones-Ross, R. W., Scialfa, C. T., Cordazzo, S. T. (2015). Predicting on-road driving performance and safety in cognitively impaired older adults, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 63, 2365-2369. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13712
  15. Joo, M., Lee, J. (2010). Differential effects of driver's cognitive failure and driving confidence on driver's behavior: interactive or orthogonal?, Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society, 12, 595-608. (in Korean).
  16. Kietzmann, T. C., Konig, P. (2015). Effects of contextual information and stimulus ambiguity on overt visual sampling behavior, Vision Research, 110, 76-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2015.02.023
  17. Koutstaal, W., Schacter, D. L. (1997). Gist-based false recognition of pictures in older and younger adults, Journal of Memory and Language, 37, 555-583. https://doi.org/10.1006/jmla.1997.2529
  18. Lee, J. (2015). The relationship between older driver's subjective driving capability evaluation and driving mobility: a moderating effect of motivational characteristics, Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society, 17, 1513-1530. (in Korean).
  19. Lee, J. (2016). Effect of difference in stroke driver's MMSE-K and TMT levels on avoiding collision in simulated risky driving situations, Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society, 18, 3099-3115. (in Korean).
  20. Lee, J. (2017). Effects of frequency and serial position of mental rotation for directional information on mental rotation performance: comparison of drivers' age group, Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society, 19, 3225-3238. (in Korean).
  21. McKnight, A. J., McKnight, A. S. (1999). Multivariate analysis of age-related driver ability and performance deficits, Accident Analysis and Prevention, 31, 445-454. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-4575(98)00082-7
  22. Rankin, J. L., Kausler, D. H. (1979). Adult age differences in false recognitions, Journal of Gerontology, 34, 58-65. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/34.1.58
  23. Richardson, E. D., Marottoli, R. A. (2003). Visual attention and driving behaviors among community-living older persons, The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 58, 832-836. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/58.9.M832
  24. Saito, Y., Raksincharoensak, P. (2016). Shared control in risk predictive braking maneuver for preventing collisions with pedestrians, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles, 1, 314-324. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIV.2017.2700210
  25. Samuel, S., Yamani, Y., Fisher, D. L. (2016). Large reductions are possible in older driver crashes at intersections, Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 99, 419-424. https://doi.org/10.1111/cxo.12443
  26. Urlings, J. H., van Beers, M., Cuenen, A., Brijs, K., Brijs, T., Jongen, E. M. (2018). The relation between reinforcement sensitivity and self-reported, simulated and on-road driving in older drivers, Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 56, 466-476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2018.05.021
  27. Verhaegen, P. K., Toebat, K. L., Delbeke, L. L. (1988). Safety of older drivers: A study in their over-involvement ratio, In Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting, 185-188.