The Journal of the Korea Contents Association (한국콘텐츠학회논문지)

The Korea Contents Association (한국콘텐츠학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Influence of Family Firms Succession Factors on Entrepreneurship and Business Performance

가족기업 승계요인이 기업가정신과 경영성과에 미치는 영향

  • 김영수 (숭실대학교 벤쳐중소기업학과) ;
  • 김현구 (숭실대학교 벤쳐중소기업학과)
  • Received : 2018.08.10
  • Accepted : 2018.08.27
  • Published : 2018.09.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

A successful succession of family businesses is a very important issue that greatly affects the sustainability of the business. Among the factors affecting successful succession, the successors of the family business were identified on the entrepreneurship held by small business owners and on the management performance of the business. This study was analyzed empirically by the managers who currently run the actual business through completion of or process of succession. Successive factors were established as a place for education and succession of heirs, and entrepreneurship was divided into innovativeness, risk-taking and pro-activeness, and management performance was divided into financial and non-financial achievements. The analysis shows that the education and training of successors among succession factors have significant implications for both managerial performance and entrepreneurship, and that the success of successors has no significant impact on non-financial performance, innovativeness and pro-activeness. In addition, while the risk-taking nature of entrepreneurship was concerned with the performance of management, innovativeness and pro-activeness were not all significant. According to this study, the education and training of successors and the determination of successors in succession family businesses have a significant impact on management performance and entrepreneurship.

가족기업의 성공적인 승계는 기업의 영속성에 큰 영향을 미치는 매우 중요한 사안이다. 성공적인 승계에 영향을 미치는 요인 중 가족기업의 후계자요인이 중소기업 경영자가 가지고 있는 기업가정신과 기업의 경영성과에 미치는 영향을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 현재 승계가 완료되거나 진행되어 실제 기업을 경영을 하는 경영자를 대상으로 실증적으로 분석하였다. 승계요인은 후계자 교육훈련과 후계자 승계의지로 하였고 기업가정신은 혁신성, 위험감수성, 진취성으로, 경영성과는 재무적 성과와 비재무적 성과로 구분하였다. 분석결과 승계요인 중 후계자 교육훈련은 경영성과, 기업가정신 모두에 유의한 영향을 미치며, 후계자 승계의지는 비재무적 성과, 혁신성, 진취성에는 유의한 영향을 미치지만 재무적 성과, 위험감수성에는 유의한 영향이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 기업가정신의 위험감수성은 경영성과에 유의한 반면, 혁신성과 진취성은 모두 유의하지 않았다. 본 연구결과에 따르면 승계 가족기업에 있어서 후계자 교육훈련과 후계자 승계의지는 경영성과와 기업가정신에 상당한 영향이 있음을 확인하였다.

Keywords

References

  1. 남영호, 문성주, "가족기업과 비가족기업의 성과 비교: 거래소 상장기업을 중심으로," 대한경영학회, 제20권, 제1호, pp.37-264, 2007.
  2. J. L. Ward, Keeping the family business healthy: How to plan for continuing growth, profitability, and family leadership, SanFrancisco, Jossey Bass, 1987.
  3. R. H. Brockhaus, "Family Business Succession: Suggestions for Future Research," Family Business Review, Vol.17, No.2, pp.165-177, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2004.00011.x
  4. K. Cabrera-Suarez, P. D. Saa-Perez, and D. Garcia-Almeida, "The Succession Process from a Resource and Knowledge-Based View of the Family Firm," Family Business Review, Vol.14, No.1, pp.37-46, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2001.00037.x
  5. 김선화, 남영호, "가족기업의 승계프로세스 관련 이해관계자별 영향요인에 관한 문헌검토," 중소기업연구, 제33권, 제3호, pp.23-48, 2011.
  6. W. C. Handler, Managing the family firm succession process: The next generation family member's experience, Unpublished doctoral dissertation, School of Management, Boston University, 1989.
  7. M. H. Morris, R. O. Williams, J. A. Allen, and R. A. Avila, "Correlates of success in family businesstransition," Journal of Business Venturing, Vol.12, No.5, pp.385-401, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(97)00010-4
  8. E. Venter, C. Boshoff, and G. Maas, "The Influence of successor related factors on the succession process in small and medium-sized family businesses," Family Business Review, Vol.18, No.4, pp.283-303, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2005.00049.x
  9. J. J. Chrisman, J. H. Chua, and P. Sharma, "Important Attributes of Successors in Family Business: An Exploratory Study," Family Business Review, Vol.11, No.1, pp.19-34, 1998. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1998.00019.x
  10. I. Lansberg and J. H. Astrachan, "Influence of Family Relationships on Succession Planning and Training: The Importance of Mediating Factors," Family Business Review, Vol.7, No.1, pp.39-59, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1994.00039.x
  11. J. H. Chua, J. J. Chrisman, and P. Sharma, "Defining the family business by behavior," Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, Vol.23, No.4, p.19, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225879902300402
  12. W. C. Handler, "Succession in Family Business:A Review of the Research," Family Business Review, Vol.7, No.2, pp.133-157, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1994.00133.x
  13. A. B. Ibrahim and W. H. Ellis, Family Business Management: Concept and Practice, Dubuque, IO: Kendal/Hunt Publishing, 1994.
  14. C. E. Aronoff and J. L. Ward, Family meetings: How to build a stronger family and a stronger business, Marietta, GA: Business Owner Resources, 1992.
  15. K. C. Seymour, "International Relationships in the Family Firm: The Effect on Leadership Succession," Family Business Review, Vol.6, No.3, pp.263-281, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1993.00263.x
  16. S. D. Goldberg and B. Wooldridge, "Self-confidence and managerial autonomy: Successor characteristics critical to succession in family firms," Family Business Review, Vol.6, No.1, pp.55-73, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1993.00055.x
  17. 김선화, 남영호, "가족기업의 사회적 자본과 승계프로세스에 관한 탐색적 연구," 대한경영학회지, 제24권, 제2호, pp.743-767, 2011.
  18. M. K. Fiegener, B. M. Brown, R. A. Prince, and K. M. File, "A Comparison of Successor Development in family and Nonfamily Businesses," Family Business Review, Vol.7, No.4, pp.313-329, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1994.00313.x
  19. 황조익, 중소규모 가족기업의 승계효율성 제고를 위한 후계자 교육훈련과 역량개발에 관한 연구, 건국대학교, 박사학위논문, 2013.
  20. J. A. Barach and J. B. Ganitsky, "Successful succession in family business," Family Business Review, Vol.8, No.2, pp.131-155, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1995.00131.x
  21. P. Sharma and S. A. Rao, "Successor Attributes in Indian and Canadian Family Firm," Family Business Review, Vol.13, No.4, pp.313-330, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2000.00313.x
  22. P. Sharma, J. J. Chrisman, and J. H. Chu, "Succession Planning as Planned Behavior: Some Empirical Results," Family Business Review, Vol.16, No.1, pp.1-14, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2003.00001.x
  23. T. G. Habbershon, M. Nordqvist, and T. M. Zellweger, Transgenerational entrepreneurship: Exploring growth and performance of family firms across generations, Cheltenham, England: Edward Elga, 2010.
  24. M. A. Martinez, T. Yang, and H. E. Aldrich, "Entrepreneurship as an evolutionary process: Researchprogress and challenges," Entrepreneurship Research Journal, Vol.1, pp.1-26, 2011.
  25. N. M. Tsabari, R. Labaki, and R. K. Zachary, "Toward the cluster model: The family firm's entrepreneurial behavior over generations," Family Business Review, Vol.27, pp.161-185, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486514525803
  26. H. E. Aldrich and J. E. Cliff, "The pervasive effects of family on entrepreneurship: Toward a family embeddedness perspective," Journal of Business Venturing, Vol.18, pp.573-596, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(03)00011-9
  27. H. Landstrom, Pioneers in entrepreneurship and small business research, New York: Springer, 2005.
  28. S. Venkataraman, The Distinctive Domain of Entrepreneurship Research :An Editor's Perspective, In Advances in Entrepreneurship, Firm Emergence and Growth, J. Katz and R. Brockhaus(eds.), Vol.3, JAI, Greenwich, CT. Fourth edition, Mc-Graw-Hill, Boston, 1997.
  29. 배종태, 차민석, "기업가정신의 확장과 활성화," 중소기업연구, 제31권, 제1호, pp.109-128, 2009.
  30. R. A. Baron and S. Shane, Entrepreneurship: A process perspective, Cincinnati, O. H.: Southwestern Thomson, 2005.
  31. D. Miller, "The correlates of entrepreneurship in three type of firms," Management Science, Vol.29, No.7, pp.770-791, 1983. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.29.7.770
  32. J. G. Covin and D. P. Slevin, "A Conceptual Model of Entrepreneurship as Firm Behavior," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol.16, No.1, pp.7-25, 1991. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225879101600102
  33. S, A. Zahra and J. G. Covin, "Contextual Influence on the corporate Entrepreneurship :A Longitudinal Analysis," Journal of Business Venturing, Vol.10, pp.43-58, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9026(94)00004-E
  34. J. A. Schumpeter, The Theory of Economic Development, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1934.
  35. G. T. Lumpkin and G. G. Dess, "Clarifying the Entrepreneurial Orientation Construct and Linking it to Performance," Academy of Management Review, Vol.21, No.1, pp.135-72, 1996. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1996.9602161568
  36. P. F. Drucker, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Harper and Row, New York, 1985.
  37. 곽기영, 글로벌 기업가정신과 공급사슬 내 사회적 자본이 중소기업의 수출 성과에 미치는 영향, 숭실대학교, 박사학위논문, 2013.
  38. 이춘우, 조직앙트나프러뉴십의 역할과 조직성과에 관한 연구, 서울대학교, 박사학위논문, 1999.
  39. 박상용, 벤처기업 CEO의 기업가 정신-구성원의 임파워먼트, 조직유효성의 관계에 대한 구성적 모형, 호서대학교, 박사학위논문, 2003.
  40. G. T. Lumpkin and G. G. Dess, "Linking two dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation to firm performance: The moderating role of environment and industry life cycle," Journal of Business Venturing, Vol.16, No.5, pp.429-451, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(00)00048-3
  41. W. H. Stewart and P. L. Roth, "A metaanalysis of achievement motivation differences between entrepreneurs and managers," Journal of Small Business Management, Vol.45, No.4, pp.401-421, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2007.00220.x
  42. D. W. Lyon, G. T. Lumpkin, and G. G. Dess, "Enhancing Entrepreneurial Orientation Research: Operationalizing and Measuring a Key Strategic Decision Making Process," Journal of Management, Vol.26, No.5, pp.1055-1085, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920630002600503
  43. J. March, "Exploration and exploitation in organization learning," Organization Science, Vol.2, pp.71-87, 1991. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2.1.71
  44. 정대용, 양준환, "중소기업의 핵심역량 및 네트워킹 활동이 기업성과에 미치는 영향-한국기업가와 중국기업가의 네트워킹 특성을 중심으로 한비교연구," 한국창업학회지, 제3권, 제2호, pp.43-69, 2008.
  45. Z. W. Todorovic, "Corporate entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurial Orientation in Corporate Environment: A Discussion," Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, Vol.21, No.1, pp.82-93, 2015.
  46. Robinson and Stubberud, "Teaching creativity, team work and other soft skills for entrepreneurship," Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, Vol.17, No.2, pp.186-199, 2014.
  47. 윤명출, 박경환, "중소기업 CEO의 기업가지향성과 산업특성이 경영성과에 미치는영향에 관한 연구," 창조와 혁신, 제8권, 제1호, pp.179-218, 2015.
  48. J. G. Covin and D. P. Slevin, "The influence of organization structure on the utility of an entrepreneurial top management style," Journal of Management Studies, Vol.25, No.3, pp.217-234, 1988. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.1988.tb00033.x
  49. N. Podrug, I. Raguz, and M. Dedic, "Comparative analysis of entrepreneurial orientation of Croatian and Sweden students," International Journal of Business & Economic Sciences Applied Research, Vol.8, No.3, pp.33-46, 2015
  50. S. A Zahra, "Predictors and Financial Outcomes of Corporate Entrepreneurship: An Explanatory Study," Journal of Business Venturing, Vol.6, No.4, pp.259-285, 1991. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9026(91)90019-A
  51. 정대용, 유봉호, "기업가 지향성과 시장지향성이 조직유효성과 사업성과에 미치는 영향," 벤처경영연구, 제10권, 제2호, pp.69-93, 2007.
  52. W. C. Handler, "Succession in family firms: a mutual role adjustment between entrepreneur and next generational family members," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol.15, pp.37-51, 1990.
  53. 김계정, 이진규, "조직규모별 경영승계와 조직성과간의 관계," 인사관리연구, 제27권, 제3호, pp.135-161, 2003.
  54. 김선화, 남영호, "가족기업의 승계유효성에 영향을 미치는 요인-현경영자와 후계자를 중심으로," 산업경제연구, 제26권, 제3호, pp.1337-1359, 2013.
  55. 고봉상, 용세중, 이상천, "벤처기업의 성과 결정요인에 관한 실증연구," 기업가정신과 벤처연구, 제6권, 제2호, pp.3-33, 2003.
  56. 김봉순, 한문성, 장용운, 가업승계시 후계자의 자기효능감이 경영성과와 지속가능성에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구, 글로벌경영학회 학술대회, pp.179-232, 2016.